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CCMD SLIDES: CREATED BY CCMD


Atherosclerotic Progression/Regression

Atherosclerotic Progression/ Regression
Lp(a): Vascular Events by Sex and Quintile at Baseline (Cardiovascular Health Study)
CHARISMA: Clopidogrel + Aspirin vs Aspirin Alone in High-Risk CVD Patients
ASAP: Study Design
ASAP: Cholesterol-Lowering Results
ASAP: Primary Parameter Change in Overall Carotid IMT
EPAT: Baseline Characteristics of Evaluable Patients
EPAT: Progression of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness (IMT)
DAIS: Impact of Aggressive Therapy on Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
ASTEROID: High-Dose Statin Therapy–Effects on Atherosclerosis
ASTEROID: High-Dose Statin Therapy—Effects on LDL-C and HDL-C
ASTEROID: High-Dose Statin Therapy—Effects on Discrete Coronary Stenoses
METEOR: Effects of Statin Therapy on Low-Risk Patients—Primary Endpoint
METEOR: Effects of Statin Therapy on Low-Risk Patients—Secondary Endpoints
ENHANCE: Combination Therapy—Primary Outcome
ENHANCE: Combination Therapy—Effects on Lipoproteins
SANDS: Study Design
SANDS: Change in CIMT with Aggressive vs Standard Therapy
PERISCOPE: Study Design
PERISCOPE: Change in PAV
LCAS: Effect on Lipids between Baseline and End of Trial
LCAS: Primary End Point
LCAS: Effect of Treatment on Patients Experiencing Progression or Regression
LCAS: Conclusions
L-CAD: Comparison of End Points, Change in Lumen Diameters
HATS: Lipid Levels Before and During Treatment
HATS: Percent Change in Stenosis
JUPITER: Statin Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease—Rationale
IBIS-2: Effects of Lp-PLA2 Inhibitor Darapladib on Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque
IBIS-2: Decreases in Progression of Necrotic Core
PDAY: Percentage of Right Coronary Artery Intimal Surface Affected With Early Atherosclerosis
PDAY: Prevalence of lesions in LAD
Post-CABG: Impact of Aggressive vs Moderate Lowering of LDL-C on Atherosclerosis
Post-CABG Study: Aggressive vs Moderate Treatment
Post-CABG: End Points, Results, Conclusions
Post-CABG Angiographic Outcomes
Post-CABG: Event Rates by Cholesterol Group
Post-CABG: Aggressive LDL-C Lowering Delays Progression of Atherosclerosis in Women, Elderly, and Patients With Selected CHD Risk Factors
PROactive: Time to Secondary Endpoint (Death, Nonfatal MI, Stroke)
REVERSAL: Effect of Moderate vs Intensive Statin Therapy
Post-CABG: Effect of Aggressive Lipid Lowering on a Subgroup of Patients With Diabetes
ORION: Study Design
Effect of Lifestyle Changes on Angiographic CAD
Lp(a) in Atherogenesis: Another Culprit?
Homocysteine: Role of Atherogenesis
Continuum of Patients at Risk for a CHD Event
Coronary Artery Calcification (CAC) and CHD Family History
Ethnic Disparities in CVD Risk Factors in the US Population
US Death Rates From CVD by Ethnicity and Sex, 1980-2001
Smoking-Related CV Mortality in Year 2000
Trends in Total Cholesterol for US Adults, 1960-1962 to 1999-2002
WISE Study: Review of Ischemic Heart Disease in Women
Treatment Options for Peripheral Arterial Disease
Treatment Options for Peripheral Arterial Disease (cont)
Trans-Fatty Acid Intake and Relative Risk for CHD
4S: Effect of Cholesterol Lowering on Noncoronary Ischemic Symptoms and Angina
Lipid Lowering and Plaque Regression: Monotherapy Studies
Event Reduction in Angiographic Plaque Regression Trials
Association Between Change in Lumen Size and Coronary Events: Important Factors
Effects of Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Endothelial Function in CHD Patients
Effect of Cholesterol Lowering on Myocardial Ischemia
Atherosclerosis: A Progressive Process
The Anatomy of Atherosclerotic Plaque
Angiographically Inapparent Atheroma
The Matrix Skeleton of Unstable Coronary Artery Plaque
Histologic Stain of Plaque
Characteristics of Plaques Prone to Rupture
Updated Model of Lipoprotein Metabolism and Reverse Cholesterol Transport
TGs Predict CAD Risk Independently of TC and HDL-C
Hypertriglyceridemia and CHD Risk: Associated Abnormalities
Association of Small, Dense LDL With Myocardial Infarction
Responses to a 75-g Oral Glucose Challenge in Relation to LDL Particle Diameter
Characteristics of LDL Phenotype B
Cumulative Distribution of Adjusted Plasma TG Levels: LDL Phenotypes A and B
Cumulative Distribution of Adjusted HDL-C: LDL Phenotypes A and B
Interrelation Between Atherosclerosis and Insulin Resistance
Composite CIMT With Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults
Progression to Atherosclerotic Clinical Events in Patients With Diabetes
Atherosclerosis in Diabetes
Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis: Posited Relationships
Significance of Small, Dense LDL
Effects of Atorvastatin on CRP and Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes
Relation Between Change in CRP Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation With Atorvastatin in Type 2 Diabetes (6 Months)
Effects of Lipid Lowering on Endothelial Function: Hypercholesterolemic Patients
Effects of Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Myocardial Perfusion in CHD Patients
Lowest Effective Aspirin Dose for MI and Stroke Reduction
Metabolic Syndrome and 10-Year CVD Risk
Potential Mechanisms of Atherogenesis in Diabetes
Impact of Statin-Induced Changes in LDL-C and HDL-C on Atheroma Burden (1 of 2)
Impact of Statin-Induced Changes in LDL-C and HDL-C on Atheroma Burden (2 of 2)
Association of Subclinical Atherosclerosis Outcomes With 10-Year FRS
CAC Cutoffs by 10-Year CHD Event Risk Among CVD-Free Subjectsa
CVD Event Prediction Among Subjects With Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Low HDL-C
CVD Event Prediction Among Subjects With Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Low HDL-C: 5-Year Follow-Up
Use of CRP to Assess CVD Risk Across Age Groups: Study Design
Effect of Statins on Atherosclerosis After ACS: Design
Effect of Statins on Atherosclerosis After ACS: Percent Change in Atheroma Volume
Intensive Lifestyle Interventions: Effects on Endothelial Function and Inflammatory Markers Design
Intensive Lifestyle Interventions: Effects on Endothelial Function and Inflammatory Markers Results


Clinical Guidelines

ATP III
SEACOAST: Combination Therapy for Increased Non–HDL-C
Primary Endpoint
ATP III: Features Shared With ATP II
ATP III: LDL-C, HDL-C, TC Classification
ATP III: Major CHD Risk Factors Other Than LDL-C
ATP III: Additional CHD Risk Factors
ATP III: Assessment of Risk
ATP III: Risk Categories, LDL-C Goals
ATP III: CHD Risk Equivalents
ATP III: LDL-C Treatment Cutpoints for Therapy
ATP III: Nutritional Components of the TLC Diet
ATP III: Additional Dietary Options for LDL-C Lowering
ATP III: Management of Elevated TG
ATP III: The Metabolic Syndrome
ATP III: Management of Diabetic Dyslipidemia
ATP III: LDL-C Measurements in Patients Hospitalized for Major Coronary Events
ATP III: Special Populations—Women, Middle-Aged Men
ATP III: Improving Adherence—Focus on the Patient
ATP III: Improving Adherence—Focus on the Physician, Delivery System
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Assessing CHD Risk in Men
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Assessing CHD Risk in Women
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Step 1: Age
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Step 2: Total Cholesterol
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Step 3: HDL-Cholesterol
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Step 4: Systolic Blood Pressure
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Step 5: Smoking Status
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring Step 6: Adding Up the Points (Sum From Steps 1–5)
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Step 7: CHD Risk for Women
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring Step 7: CHD Risk for Men
Update to ATP III Guidelines: Rationale
Update to ATP III Guidelines: Rationale (cont'd)
ATP III: Updated LDL-C Goals, Treatment Cutpoints
ATP III: Updated LDL-C Goals, Treatment Cutpoints (cont'd)
Eligible Primary-Prevention Patients by Age and Treatment Scenario (ATP III vs ATP II)
ATP III: Management of Very High LDL-C
ATP III: Management of Low HDL-C
ATP III: Special Populations—Older Adults, Younger Adults
ATP III vs ATP II: Increases in Treatment-Eligible Primary-Prevention Patients
NHANES Extrapolation: Population Meeting JUPITER Study Eligibility
Population Estimatesa at ATP III Risk Categories with CRP ≥2 mg/L
Other
Cost of CHD in the United States
Cost of CVD and Stroke in the United States
US Cost of Health Expenditures, Lost Productivity of CVD and Stroke
JNC 7: Treatment Algorithm for Hypertension
AHA/CDC Panel: Recommendations for Use of hs-CRP in Clinical Practice
AHA/CDC Panel: Recommendations for hs-CRP Laboratory Testing
Prevalence of Class 3 Obesity in the United States: BRFSS 2000
BMI: Adjusted Odds Ratios for Unstable Coronary Artery Disease
AHA Get With the Guidelines: Adherence to Treatment Measures
AHA Evidence-Based Guidelines for CVD Prevention in Women
CV Mortality Risk With NCEP-MetS vs WHO-MetS
Updated Criteria for Clinical Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome
Statin Advisory: Definitions of Muscle Toxicity
Statin Advisory: Monitoring Parameters, Follow-Up Schedule
Statin Advisory: Clinical Precautions When Prescribing Statin Therapy
Statin Advisory: Risk Factors for Statin-Associated Myopathy
Statin Advisory: Conclusions
ADA: Glycemic Control, BP, and Lipid Targets in Type 2 Diabetes
ADA: Treatment Decisions by LDL-C Levels in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Overview: Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2)
Consensus Recommendations for Lp-PLA2 Testing
NHANES Extrapolation: Population Meeting JUPITER Study Eligibility
Population Estimatesa at ATP III Risk Categories with CRP ≥2 mg/L
Use of CRP to Assess CVD Risk Across Age Groups: Study Design
AHA 2010 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: Prevalence and Cost
AHA 2010 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: Incidence
AHA 2010 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: Mortality
AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: Diabetes Prevalence
AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: Diabetes Mortality
American Diabetes Association
ADA Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes
ADA Criteria for Testing for Diabetes in Asymptomatic Adults
ADA Guidelines for Foot Care in Patients With Diabetes
ADA Guidelines for Foot Care in Patients With Diabetes (cont)
ADA Guidelines for Retinopathy Management in Diabetes
ADA Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: Screening and Treatment
ADA Guidelines for Treatment of Older Adults With Diabetes
ADA Nutrition Strategies for Weight Loss
ADA Recommendations for Medical Nutrition Therapy
ADA Recommendations for Primary Prevention of Diabetes With Medical Nutrition Therapy
ADA Recommendations for Aspirin Therapy in Diabetes
ADA Recommendations for Diabetes Care in the Hospital
ADA Recommendations for Diabetes Care in the Hospital (cont)
ADA Recommendations for Smoking Cessation in Diabetes
ADA Treatment Recommendations for Nephropathy
ADA: Goals for Glycemic, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Control
ADA: Physical Activity/Exercise Recommendations for Patients With Diabetes
ADA Recommendations on Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Diabetes
ADA Recommendations for Immunization in Patients With Diabetes
ADA Guidelines: Correlation of A1C With Average Glucose
ADA Recommendations for Neuropathy Screening and Treatment
ADA: Categories of Increased Risk for Diabetes (Prediabetes)
ADA Recommendations for Detection and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
ADA Guidelines: Common Comorbidities Associated With Diabetes
ADA Guidelines: A1C Recommendations
ADA Guidelines: Glycemic Recommendations for Nonpregnant Adults With Diabetes
ADA Guidelines: Recommendations for Type 2 Diabetes Therapy
ADA Guidelines: Recommendations for Hypoglycemia
ADA Guidelines: Recommendations for Prevention/Delay of Type 2 Diabetes
ADA Guidelines: Recommendations for Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME)
ADA Guidelines: Noninsulin Therapies for Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes (1 of 2)
ADA Guidelines: Noninsulin Therapies for Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes (2 of 2)
ADA/AHA/ACC: Recommendations for Use of Aspirin for Primary Prevention of CV Events in People With Diabetes
ADA Nutrition Strategies, Interventions for Improved Metabolic Control

ADA Criteria for Testing for Diabetes in Asymptomatic Adults
ADA Guidelines for Foot Care in Patients With Diabetes
ADA Guidelines for Foot Care in Patients With Diabetes (cont)
ADA Guidelines for Retinopathy Management in Diabetes
ADA Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: Screening and Treatment
ADA Guidelines for Treatment of Older Adults With Diabetes
ADA Nutrition Strategies for Weight Loss
ADA Recommendations for Medical Nutrition Therapy
ADA Recommendations for Primary Prevention of Diabetes With Medical Nutrition Therapy
ADA Recommendations for Aspirin Therapy in Diabetes
ADA Recommendations for Diabetes Care in the Hospital
ADA Recommendations for Diabetes Care in the Hospital (cont)
ADA Recommendations for Smoking Cessation in Diabetes
ADA Treatment Recommendations for Nephropathy
ADA: Goals for Glycemic, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Control
ADA: Physical Activity/Exercise Recommendations for Patients With Diabetes
ADA Recommendations on Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Diabetes
ADA Recommendations for Immunization in Patients With Diabetes
ADA Guidelines: Correlation of A1C With Average Glucose
ADA Recommendations for Neuropathy Screening and Treatment
ADA: Categories of Increased Risk for Diabetes (Prediabetes)
ADA Recommendations for Detection and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
ADA Guidelines: Common Comorbidities Associated With Diabetes
ADA Guidelines: A1C Recommendations
ADA Guidelines: Glycemic Recommendations for Nonpregnant Adults With Diabetes
ADA Guidelines: Recommendations for Type 2 Diabetes Therapy
ADA Guidelines: Recommendations for Hypoglycemia
ADA Guidelines: Recommendations for Prevention/Delay of Type 2 Diabetes
ADA Guidelines: Recommendations for Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME)
ADA Guidelines: Noninsulin Therapies for Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes (1 of 2)
ADA Guidelines: Noninsulin Therapies for Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes (2 of 2)

Clinical Trials

A-F
Lp(a): An Independent CHD Risk Factor in Men of the Framingham Offspring Cohort
Lp(a): Vascular Events by Sex and Quintile at Baseline (Cardiovascular Health Study)
AFCAPS/TexCAPS: RR of Acute Coronary Events—LDL-C and Homocysteine
AFCAPS/TexCAPS: RR of Acute Coronary Events—TC: HDL-C Ratio and CRP Level
AFCAPS/TexCAPS: Effects of LDL C Lowering in Patients With Average Cholesterol Levels
ACCESS: Change in LDL-C, Non–HDL-C in All Patients at 54 Weeks
4S: Effect of LDL-C Lowering on Coronary Events in Secondary Prevention Trial in Men and Women
4S: Findings From a Post Hoc Analysis
4S: Lipid Lowering Reduces CHD Event Rates in >65-Year Old Subjects
4S: Impact of Drug Therapy on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Older Adults With Hypercholesterolemia
4S: Reduction in Coronary Events and Revascularizations in Older Adults With Established CHD
4S: Survival of Major Coronary Events in Older Adults
4S: Clinical and Economic Benefits of Treatment Over 5-Yr Period
CARE: Effect of Lipid Lowering on Lipid Values and Coronary Events in CHD Patients With Average Cholesterol
CARE: Fatal CHD or Nonfatal MI (Primary End Point)
CARE: Secondary End Points
CARE: Findings From a Post Hoc Analysis
CARE: Impact of Drug Therapy on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Older Patients With MI
CARE: Reduction in Coronary Events, Revascularizations, and Stroke in Older Adults With MI and Average Cholesterol Levels
CARE: Incidence of Coronary Events in Younger Versus Older Patients
AFCAPS/TexCAPS: Primary End Point Event Rates Within Demographic and Risk Factor Subgroups
A to Z Trial: Primary End Point
A to Z Trial: Secondary End Points and Adverse Events
CHARISMA: Clopidogrel + Aspirin vs Aspirin Alone in High-Risk CVD Patients
Impact of TG Levels on Relative Risk of CHD: Framingham Heart Study
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Treating the IGT Patient With Lifestyle Changes
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Success in Achieving Treatment Goals at 1 Year
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Reduction in Risk for Diabetes
Diabetes Prevention Program: Study Design
Diabetes Prevention Program
The CURVES Trial: A Comparison of LDL-C Lowering Among Statins
The CURVES Trial: Comparative LDL-C Reductions
ASAP: Study Design
ASAP: Cholesterol-Lowering Results
ASAP: Primary Parameter Change in Overall Carotid IMT
EPAT: Baseline Characteristics of Evaluable Patients
EPAT: Progression of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness (IMT)
AVERT: Study Design and Inclusion Criteria
AVERT: Major Exclusion Criteria
AVERT: Overview of Study Procedures
AVERT: Primary Efficacy Assessment
AVERT: Secondary Efficacy Assessments
AVERT: Baseline Patient Characteristics
AVERT: Ischemic Events
AVERT: Ischemic Events
AVERT: Time to First Ischemic Event
AVERT: Summary of Lipid Parameters
AVERT: Incidence of First Ischemic Event by Time
AVERT: Safety Evaluation
AVERT: Conclusions
ALLHAT-LLT: All-Cause Mortality
ALLHAT-LLT: Comparison to Other Large, Long-Term Statin Trials
ASCOT–LLA: Study Design
ASCOT-LLA: Primary End Point
ASCOT-LLA: Primary End Point in Subgroups
ASCOT-LLA: Secondary End Points
ASCOT-LLA: Effect of Atorvastatin vs Placebo on CV and Coronary End Points
FIELD: Fenofibrate Effect on Lipids
DAIS: Impact of Aggressive Therapy on Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
DAIS: Mean Baseline Lipoprotein Levels
DAIS: Interim Lipid Results in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
DAIS: Final Results in Patients With Types 2 Diabetes
Framingham Heart Study 30-Year Follow-Up: CVD Events in Patients With Diabetes (Ages 35-64)
Abnormal Lipid Levels in Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Abnormal Lipid Levels in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Secondary Prevention: CHD Risk Reduction in the 4S Subgroup of Patients WIth Diabetes
4S: Total Mortality Reduction in a Subgroup of Patients With Diabetes
4S: Major CHD Event Reduction in a Subgroup of Patients With Diabetes
4S: Treatment Benefit in Subgroup With Impaired Fasting Glucose (FG 110-125 mg/dL)
CARE: Reduction of Coronary Events in Patients With Diabetes
CARE: Major Coronary Events in the Diabetic Subgroup
ARIC: CHD Events, CVD Mortality With/Without MI or Diabetes
Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): Results Summary
Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): Major CVD Events
CARDS: Effect of Treatment on Primary and Secondary End Points
ASTEROID: High-Dose Statin Therapy–Effects on Atherosclerosis
CARDS: Effect of Treatment on Primary End Point by Lipid Level
ASTEROID: High-Dose Statin Therapy—Effects on LDL-C and HDL-C
ASTEROID: High-Dose Statin Therapy—Effects on Discrete Coronary Stenoses
ENHANCE: Combination Therapy—Primary Outcome
ENHANCE: Combination Therapy—Effects on Lipoproteins
ACCORD: Study Design
ACCORD: A1c Levels, Hypoglycemia, and Weight Gain
ACCORD: Death from Any Cause
ACCORD: Results
ADVANCE: Study Design
ADVANCE: A1c Levels, Hypoglycemia, and End-Study Weight
ADVANCE: Primary Endpoints
ADVANCE: Death from Any Cause
DIACOR Substudy: Effects of Simvastatin and/or Fenofibrate on Lipoprotein Subparticles
DIACOR Substudy: Level of LDL Pattern B at Baseline and Week 12
ACCORD LIPID: Effects of Combination Statin + Fibrate Therapy
ACCORD LIPID: Effects of Combination Statin + Fibrate Therapy
ACCORD BP: Effects of Intensive BP_Control on Type 2 Diabetes
BP and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in African Americans and Whites: Design
BP and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in African Americans and Whites: Results
Trends in CHD Risk Among Adults With Diabetes: Design
Trends in CHD Risk Among Adults With Diabetes: Results
Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Eye: Substudy of ACCORD
ACCORD Eye: Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy By Treatment Group at Year 4
ACCORD Eye: Moderate Vision Loss By Treatment Group at Year 4
CANOE: Low-Dose Combination Therapy With Rosiglitazone Plus Metformin for Diabetes Prevention
CANOE: Development of New-Onset Diabetes With Low-Dose Combination Therapy Vs Placebo
Effects of ↑ HDL-C and ↓ LDL-C on First Acute Major Coronary Events: Results
Effects of ↑ HDL-C and ↓ LDL-C on First Acute Major Coronary Events: Additional Results at Year 1
Effect of Statins on Atherosclerosis After ACS: Design
Effect of Statins on Atherosclerosis After ACS: Percent Change in Atheroma Volume
Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters in Addition to Statin Therapy: Effects on Lipoprotein Particle Concentrations
Effects of ↑ HDL-C and ↓ LDL-C on First Acute Major Coronary Events: Design
ARBITER--6 HALTS: Effect of Niacin ER or Ezetimibe on CIMT
Results from ARBITER 6--HALTS: Effect of Niacin ER or Ezetimibe on CIMT
Use of CAC Score for CHD Prediction: Results
ARBITER 6–Halts: Methods and Final Results
ARBITER 6–HALTS: Final Results
G-L
Look AHEAD: Design
Look AHEAD: Interventions
Look AHEAD: Change in Body Weight Across BMI Groups
Look AHEAD: Change in Fitness Levels Across BMI Groups
Look AHEAD: Additional Results
LRC Follow-up Study: CVD Mortality by Non–HDL-C and LDL-C in Men
LRC Follow-up Study: CVD Mortality by Non-HDL-C and LDL-C in Women
L-TAP: Majority of Patients With CHD Do Not Reach NCEP LDL-C Targets
L-TAP: Majority of High-Risk Patients Without CHD Do Not Reach NCEP LDL-C Targets
L-TAP: Patient Success in Achieving Target LDL-C Levels
Lyon Diet Heart Study: Cumulative Survival Without Cardiac Death and Nonfatal MI
LIPID: Effect of Lipid Lowering on Lipid Values and Coronary Events in CHD Patients With Average Cholesterol
LIPID: Reduction in Nonfatal MI and CHD Death Risk Stratified by Sex
LIPID: Reduction in Nonfatal MI and CHD Death Risk Stratified by Diabetic Status
LIPID: Reduction in nonfatal MI and CHD Death Risk Stratified by Prerandomization Age
LIPID Trial Follow-Up: Cardiovascular Events Over 8 Years
LIPID Trial Follow-Up: Serious Adverse Events Over 8 Years
LCAS: Effect on Lipids between Baseline and End of Trial
LCAS: Primary End Point
LCAS: Effect of Treatment on Patients Experiencing Progression or Regression
LCAS: Conclusions
Heart Protection Study (HPS): Elibigility
HPS: Design and Interventions
HPS: End Points for Lipid Lowering
HPS: Effects of Simvastatin on Cause-Specific Mortality
HPS: Effects of Simvastatin on First major Vascular Event
HPS: Effects of Simvastatin on Vascular Events by Year
HPS: Effects of Simvastatin on Vascular Events by LDL-C
HPS: Absolute Risk Reductions
Heart Protection Study (HPS): End Points for Antioxidant Vitamin Supplementation
HPS: Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on Cause-Specific Mortality
HPS: Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on First Major Vascular Event
HPS: Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on Vascular Events by Year
HPS: Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on Vascular Events by LDL-C
Fasting TG and Risk for CHD: Helsinki Heart Study
HIT: Favorable Effects of Fibrate on CVD Events in CHD Patients With Isolated Low HDL-C
HERS: Combined HRT Does Not Decrease All-Cause Mortality
HERS: Primary CHD Events
HERS: HDL-C Distribution in a Cohort With CHD
HERS, HERS II: Relative Hazard of CHD Events
L-CAD: Effect of Intensive Therapy Post-ACS on Lipid Values
L-CAD: Comparison of End Points, Change in Lumen Diameters
HATS: Lipid Levels Before and During Treatment
HATS: Percent Change in Stenosis
IDEAL Study: Secondary End Points
IDEAL Study: Effect of Treatment on LDL-C
Primary CHD Prevention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Helsinki Heart Study
HPS Substudy: First Major Vascular Event and Patients With Diabetes
HPS Substudy: First Major Coronary Event and Stroke by Prior to Diabetes Status
HPS Substudy: First Major Vascular Event by LDL-C and Prior Diabetes Status
HPS Diabetes Substudy: Absolute Effects on 5-Year Rates of First Major Vascular Event
HERS: Risk of Cerebrovascular Disease Events
JUPITER: Statin Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease—Participant Profile
IBIS-2: Effects of Lp-PLA2 Inhibitor Darapladib on Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque
IBIS-2: Decreases in Progression of Necrotic Core
JELIS: Study Design
JELIS: Multiple Risk Factorsa and Incidence of Major Coronary Events
JELIS: Effects of EPA on Major Coronary Events in Subjects With High TG/Low HDL-C
JPAD: Study Design
JPAD Results: Primary Endpoint (CVD Composite)
JPAD Results: Primary Endpoint in Subgroups
JUPITER: Study Design
JUPITER: Lipid and Hs-CRP Levels
JUPITER Results: Primary Endpoint
JUPITER Results: Components of Primary Endpoint
JUPITER Results: Summary
PROactive: Time to Secondary Endpoint (Death, Nonfatal MI, Stroke)
NHANES Extrapolation: Population Meeting JUPITER Study Eligibility
Population Estimatesa at ATP III Risk Categories with CRP ≥2 mg/L
LOADD: Primary Endpoint—Difference in A1C at 6 Months
JUPITER Statin Use for Primary Prevention of CVD Events in Women
Meta-Analysis: Statin Use for Primary Prevention of CVD Events in Women
M-R
METEOR: Effects of Statin Therapy on Low-Risk Patients—Primary Endpoint
METEOR: Effects of Statin Therapy on Low-Risk Patients—Secondary Endpoints
NOMAS: Study Design
NOMAS: Event-Free Curves Based on MetSyn and Endothelial Dysfunction
PERISCOPE: Study Design
PERISCOPE: Change in PAV
MESA: Study Design
MESA: CVD and CHD Risk by CIMT or CAC Score
PREMIER: Percentage of All Participants With Hypertension (6 mo)
PREMIER: Percentage of All Participants With Optimal Blood Pressure (6 mo)
JNC 7: Classification and Management of Blood Pressure for Adults
PRINCE: Change in CRP Levels at 24 Weeks
PDAY: Percentage of Right Coronary Artery Intimal Surface Affected With Early Atherosclerosis
PDAY: Prevalence of lesions in LAD
PDAY: Prevalence of Risk Factors
PDAY: Prevalence of Lesions by Smoking and Non-HDL-C Status
Age-Adjusted Total Cholesterol Levels in NHANES III vs NHANES 1999-2000
NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study: CHD Incidence and Survival in African American Men and Women
Adult Population Not Reaching LDL-C Targets
Prevalence of Overweight in US Men: NHANES 1999-2000
Prevalence of Overweight in US Women: NHANES 1999-2000
Prevalence of Obesity in US Men: NHANES 1999-2000
Prevalence of Obesity in US Women: NHANES 1999-2000
Post-CABG: Impact of Aggressive vs Moderate Lowering of LDL-C on Atherosclerosis
Post-CABG Study: Aggressive vs Moderate Treatment
Post-CABG: End Points, Results, Conclusions
Post-CABG Angiographic Outcomes
Post-CABG: Event Rates by Cholesterol Group
Post-CABG: Aggressive LDL-C Lowering Delays Progression of Atherosclerosis in Women, Elderly, and Patients With Selected CHD Risk Factors
PROSPER: Primary Composite End Point Results CHD Death, Nonfatal MI, Fatal or Nonfatal Stroke
PROSPER: Secondary End Point Results
PROSPER: Rate of CHD-Related Death
Hypertriglyceridemia—An Independent Risk Factor for CHD: PROCAM Study
Fasting TG and Risk for CHD Death: Paris Prospective Study
CHD Mortality and Hyperinsulinemia: Paris Prospective Study (N=943)
Relation Between Baseline Fasting Insulin and Ischemic Heart Disease
NHANES III: Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Individual Risk Factors for the Metabolic Syndrome
NHANES III: Age-Adjusted Prevalence of >3 Risk Factors for the Metabolic Syndrome
NHANES III: Age-Specific Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome
Impact of Estrogen and Progestin on Cholesterol Concentrations
HRT Effects on C-Reactive Protein Levels: PEPI Trial Subgroup
MORE: Cardiovascular Events at 4-Year Follow-up
Prospective Pravastatin Pooling (PPP) Project: 112,000 Patient-Year Experience
MIRACL: Study Rationale
MIRACL: Study Design
MIRACL: Major Exclusion Criteria
MIRACL: Outcome Measures
MIRACL: Baseline Patient Characteristics
MIRACL: Change in Lipid Levels
MIRACL: Time to First Ischemic Event
MIRACL: Occurrence of Primary Combined End Point
MIRACL: Fatal or Nonfatal Stroke
MIRACL: Conclusions and Implications
PRISM: Event Rate Curves
REVERSAL: Effect of Moderate vs Intensive Statin Therapy
PROVE-IT: Median LDL-C Levels During Study
PROVE-IT: Primary Composite End Point
Post-CABG: Effect of Aggressive Lipid Lowering on a Subgroup of Patients With Diabetes
ORION: Study Design
ORION: Effects of Rosuvastatin on Change in Carotid Plaque Volume, Composition
PREDICT: Study Design
PREDICT: Primary Endpoint Event Rates in Successive Categories of CAC Score
PROVE-IT Substudy: Major Safety Outcomes
PROactive 10 Substudy: Time to First Event from MACE Endpointa
PROactive 10 Substudy: Time to CV Death, Nonfatal MIa, Nonfatal Stroke
PROactive 10 Substudy: Time to All-Cause Mortality, Nonfatal MIa, Nonfatal Stroke, or ACS
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With Diabetes
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With CVD
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With CVD
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With Diabetes
RECORD: Study Design
RECORD: CV Death and Hospitalization
RECORD: Time to Primary Endpoint
RECORD: Bone Fracture Rates in Upper and Distal Lower Limbs
RECORD: Conclusion
NHANES: Gender Differences in Prevalence of Myocardial Infarction
NHANES: Gender Differences in Coronary Risk
Use of CAC Score for CHD Prediction: Design
S-Z
San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study: Design
San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study: Results
SANDS: Study Design
SANDS: Change in CIMT with Aggressive vs Standard Therapy
SHEEP: Risk Factors for Nonfatal MI in Men and Women
WISE: Prevalence of Angiographic CAD Based on BMI, Metabolic Status
Cholesterol and CHD: Seven Countries Study
Effect of Lifestyle Changes on Angiographic CAD
WOSCOPS: Effects of Lipid Lowering on Coronary Events in Primary Prevention Trial in Men
WOSCOPS: Relation of Baseline LDL-C to Event Rate
WOSCOPS: Relation of Baseline HDL-C to Event Rate
WOSCOPS: Relation Between Quintiles of LDL-C Reduction and CHD Events
WHI trial of Estrogen, Progestin Ended
Outcomes in WHI Trial of Estrogen, Progestin
WHI: CHD, Stroke Outcomes in Estrogen-Alone Arm
Treating to New Targets: Mean Lipid Levels
TNT: Hazard Ratios for the Primary Outcome
TNT: Hazard Ratios for Primary Outcome Components
TNT: Hazard Ratios for Secondary Outcomes
Relationship Between LDL-C and Event Rates in TNT and Other Statin Trials
TNT: Safety Profile
TROPHY: Analysis of New-Onset Hypertension
SPARCL Primary Outcome: Fatal or Nonfatal Stroke
Prevalence of Macrovascular Disease and CHD According to Quintiles of Fasting C-Peptide
Swedish Register Study Design and Baseline Characteristics
Swedish Register Study: Early Statin Treatment Improves Post-AMI Survival Rates
Swedish Register Study: Implications for Early Statin Treatment
STELLAR: Percent Change in LDL-C From Baseline
STELLAR: Percent Change in HDL-C From Baseline
STELLAR: Percent of Patients at NCEP ATP III LDL-C Goal (6-Week Data)
The Strong Heart Study: Differences in CVD Risk Factors by Diabetic Status in Men and Women
WESDR: Hyperglycemia and the Risk for Vascular Complications in Older-Onset Diabetes
WESDR: Hyperglycemia and the Risk for Cause-Specific CVD Mortality
UKPDS: Intensive Blood-Glucose vs Conventional Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
UKPDS: Tight Blood Pressure Control vs Less Tight Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
WOSCOPS: Development of Type 2 Diabetes
Strong Heart Study: Non–HDL-C as CVD Risk Predictor in Patients With Diabetes
Strong Heart Study: Non–HDL-C Compared With Other CVD Risk Predictors
Steno-2: Effect of Therapies on Selected Risk Factors
Steno-2 Study: Primary Composite End Point or Surgery for PAD
SEACOAST: Combination Therapy for Increased Non–HDL-C
Primary Endpoint
Trends in CHD Risk Among Adults With Diabetes: Design
Trends in CHD Risk Among Adults With Diabetes: Results
Women’s Health Study: Association of Fasting and Nonfasting Lipids With CVD
SEARCH: Rate of Major Vascular Events

Look AHEAD: Design
Look AHEAD: Interventions
Look AHEAD: Change in Body Weight Across BMI Groups
Look AHEAD: Change in Fitness Levels Across BMI Groups
Look AHEAD: Additional Results
San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study: Design
San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study: Results
BP and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in African Americans and Whites: Design
BP and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in African Americans and Whites: Results
Trends in CHD Risk Among Adults With Diabetes: Design
Trends in CHD Risk Among Adults With Diabetes: Results

Dialogues in Dyslipidemia



Nonpharmacologic Therapies

Diet
Look AHEAD: Design
Look AHEAD: Interventions
Look AHEAD: Change in Body Weight Across BMI Groups
Look AHEAD: Change in Fitness Levels Across BMI Groups
Look AHEAD: Additional Results
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Treating the IGT Patient With Lifestyle Changes
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Success in Achieving Treatment Goals at 1 Year
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Reduction in Risk for Diabetes
Diabetes Prevention Program: Study Design
Diabetes Prevention Program
AVERT: Overview of Study Procedures
L-TAP: Patient Success in Achieving Target LDL-C Levels
Lyon Diet Heart Study: Cumulative Survival Without Cardiac Death and Nonfatal MI
Effect of Lifestyle Changes on Angiographic CAD
Outcomes in WHI Trial of Estrogen, Progestin
Trans-Fatty Acid Intake and Relative Risk for CHD
Lipid Lowering and Plaque Regression: Monotherapy Studies
Event Reduction in Angiographic Plaque Regression Trials
Effect of Cholesterol Lowering on Myocardial Ischemia
Angiographically Inapparent Atheroma
ATP III: Features Shared With ATP II
ATP III: Nutritional Components of the TLC Diet
ATP III: Additional Dietary Options for LDL-C Lowering
ATP III: Management of Elevated TG
Statin Advisory: Risk Factors for Statin-Associated Myopathy
ABCs of CVD Risk Management (cont.)
Two LC-HP Diets Compared With Conventional Recommendations
LC-HP Diets: Potential Adverse Effects
Low-Carb vs Low-Fat Diet in Obese Patients (1 Y)
Low-Carb vs Low-Fat Diet in Overweight Patients (24 wk)
Potential Mortality Reduction With Lifestyle/Dietary Changes
Fruit/Vegetable Consumption: Effects on Stroke Risk Reduction
Reduced Intake of Trans-Fatty Acids: Estimated Effects on CHD
Effects of Drug Therapy and Diet on Lipids
Wine Consumption and CHD
Impact on TG Following Dietary Restrictions
TG Metabolism in CHD: Studies in the Postprandial State
Nonpharmacological Approaches to TG Lowering
Benefits of Intensive Lifestyle Changes on TG Levels
Effects of Lipid Lowering on Endothelial Function: Hypercholesterolemic Patients
Effects of Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Myocardial Perfusion in CHD Patients
Effects of ↑ HDL-C and ↓ LDL-C on First Acute Major Coronary Events: Results
Effects of ↑ HDL-C and ↓ LDL-C on First Acute Major Coronary Events: Additional Results at Year 1
Effects of ↑ HDL-C and ↓ LDL-C on First Acute Major Coronary Events: Design
ADA Nutrition Strategies, Interventions for Improved Metabolic Control
Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Weight Loss, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Weight Loss, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Results
Impact of Intense Exercise and Moderate Caloric Restriction on CV Risk Factors: Design
Impact of Intense Exercise and Moderate Caloric Restriction on CV Risk Factors: Results
Exercise
Look AHEAD: Design
Look AHEAD: Interventions
Look AHEAD: Change in Body Weight Across BMI Groups
Look AHEAD: Change in Fitness Levels Across BMI Groups
Look AHEAD: Additional Results
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Treating the IGT Patient With Lifestyle Changes
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Success in Achieving Treatment Goals at 1 Year
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Reduction in Risk for Diabetes
Diabetes Prevention Program: Study Design
Diabetes Prevention Program
Effect of Lifestyle Changes on Angiographic CAD
Treatment Options for Peripheral Arterial Disease
Treatment Options for Peripheral Arterial Disease (cont)
Lipid Lowering and Plaque Regression: Monotherapy Studies
Angiographically Inapparent Atheroma
ATP III: Features Shared With ATP II
ATP III: Management of Elevated TG
ABCs of CVD Risk Management (cont.)
Potential Mortality Reduction With Lifestyle/Dietary Changes
Effects of Drug Therapy and Diet on Lipids
Nonpharmacological Approaches to TG Lowering
Benefits of Intensive Lifestyle Changes on TG Levels
Prevalence and CVD Correlates of Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiorespiratory Fitness
ADA Nutrition Strategies, Interventions for Improved Metabolic Control
Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Weight Loss, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Weight Loss, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Results
Impact of Intense Exercise and Moderate Caloric Restriction on CV Risk Factors: Results
Other
AVERT: Study Design and Inclusion Criteria
AVERT: Major Exclusion Criteria
AVERT: Overview of Study Procedures
AVERT: Primary Efficacy Assessment
AVERT: Secondary Efficacy Assessments
AVERT: Baseline Patient Characteristics
AVERT: Ischemic Events
AVERT: Time to First Ischemic Event
AVERT: Summary of Lipid Parameters
AVERT: Incidence of First Ischemic Event by Time
AVERT: Safety Evaluation
AVERT: Conclusions
Heart Protection Study (HPS): Elibigility
HPS: Design and Interventions
Heart Protection Study (HPS): End Points for Antioxidant Vitamin Supplementation
HPS: Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on Cause-Specific Mortality
HPS: Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on First Major Vascular Event
HPS: Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on Vascular Events by Year
HPS: Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on Vascular Events by LDL-C
HATS: Lipid Levels Before and During Treatment
HATS: Percent Change in Stenosis
JNC 7: Classification and Management of Blood Pressure for Adults
Treatment Options for Peripheral Arterial Disease
ABCs of CVD Risk Management (cont.)
Nonpharmacological Approaches to TG Lowering
Intensive Lifestyle Interventions: Effects on Endothelial Function and Inflammatory Markers Design
Intensive Lifestyle Interventions: Effects on Endothelial Function and Inflammatory Markers Results
SU.FOL.OM-3: Effects of B Vitamins and Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on CVD—Design
Effects of B Vitamins and Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on CVD: Primary Endpoint

Look AHEAD: Design
Look AHEAD: Interventions
Look AHEAD: Change in Body Weight Across BMI Groups
Look AHEAD: Change in Fitness Levels Across BMI Groups
Look AHEAD: Additional Results
Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Weight Loss, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Weight Loss, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Results
SU.FOL.OM-3: Effects of B Vitamins and Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on CVD—Design
Effects of B Vitamins and Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on CVD: Primary Endpoint
Impact of Intense Exercise and Moderate Caloric Restriction on CV Risk Factors: Design
Impact of Intense Exercise and Moderate Caloric Restriction on CV Risk Factors: Results

Pharmacologic Therapies: Blood Pressure Management

Blood Pressure Management
ALLHAT-LLT: All-Cause Mortality
ALLHAT-LLT: Comparison to Other Large, Long-Term Statin Trials
ASCOT–LLA: Study Design
ASCOT-LLA: Primary End Point
ASCOT-LLA: Primary End Point in Subgroups
ACCORD BP: Effects of Intensive BP_Control on Type 2 Diabetes
Primary CHD Prevention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Helsinki Heart Study
TROPHY: Analysis of New-Onset Hypertension
UKPDS: Tight Blood Pressure Control vs Less Tight Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Angiographically Inapparent Atheroma
JNC 7: Treatment Algorithm for Hypertension
ABCs of CVD Risk Management
HF Rates in Hypersensitive Blacks and Non-Blacks: ALLHAT
Safety and Tolerability of Monotherapy, Combination BP Therapy
ASCOT-LLA: Incidence for Total CVD Events/Procedures in Patients With Diabetes
Common Drug Treatments for Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Effect of Monotherapy, Combination Therapy on Blood Pressures
Renin-Angiotensin Blockade: Beyond BP Lowering
Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Eye: Substudy of ACCORD
ACCORD Eye: Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy By Treatment Group at Year 4
ACCORD Eye: Moderate Vision Loss By Treatment Group at Year 4
ARB Use and Risk of MI, CV Events (1 of 2)
ARB Use and Risk of MI, CV Events (2 of 2)
CLINICAL TRIALS: A-F
A-HeFT: First HF Trial in African-Americans
A-HeFT: 43% Decrease in Mortality
A-HeFT: Components of Composite Score
A-HeFT: Conclusions
AASK: Relative Risk Reduction With Ramipril vs Amlodipine
AASK: Renoprotective Effects of Ramipril in Hypertension
ADHERE: Long-Term Medication Use
ALLHAT: Design, Hypothesis, and Baseline Demographics
ALLHAT: Blood Pressure Results by Treatment Group
ALLHAT: Cumulative Event Rates for Primary Outcome
ALLHAT: Cumulative Event Rates for Heart Failure
ALLHAT: Lisinopril vs Chlorthalidone in Blacks
ALLHAT: Lisinopril vs Chlorthalidone in Nonblacks
ALLHAT: Amlodipine vs Chlorthalidone in Blacks
ALLHAT: Amlodipine vs Chlorthalidone in Nonblacks
ALLHAT: Heart Failure Rate for Blacks
ALLHAT: Heart Failure Rate for Nonblacks
ALLHAT: Angioedema in Blacks vs Nonblacks
ALLHAT: Effect of Antihypertensive Class on New-Onset Diabetes
ALLHAT: Fasting Glucose by Treatment Group
ALLHAT: Reduced Diabetes Risk With Lisinopril
BP-Lowering Treatment Trialists: Heart Failure
CALM: Renoprotection With Candesartan vs Lisinopril in Type 2 Diabetes
CAMELOT: Design, Hypothesis, and Baseline Characteristics
CAMELOT: Primary Endpoint (1 of 2)
CAMELOT: Primary Endpoint (2 of 2)
CHARM: ARBs in Heart Failure
CHARM-Overall: Design, Hypothesis, and Baseline Characteristics
CHARM-Overall: Primary Endpoint (CV and Non-CV Death)
CHARM-Alternative: Primary Endpoint
DECODE: IFG and IGT Are Associated With Increased Mortality Rate
DPP: Study Design
DPP: Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes
DPP: Fasting Plasma Glucose Over Time
East-West Study: 7-Year Incidence of Fatal and Nonfatal MI in Type 2 Diabetes and CHD
EPHESUS: Death Rate From CV Causes or Hospitalization for CV Events
EUROPA: Design, Hypothesis, and Baseline Demographics
EUROPA: Frequency of Primary Endpoints
CLINICAL TRIALS: G-L
HOPE: Design, Hypothesis, and Baseline Demographics
HOPE: Composite Outcome Results
HOPE: Rate of Developing Heart Failure
HOPE: Risk of Cardiovascular Events According to Microalbuminuria and Diabetes Status
HOPE: Risk Reduction With Ramipril
IDNT: Renoprotective Effects of Irbesartan in Type 2 Diabetes
IDNT: Effects of Irbesartan vs Amlopidine in Diabetic Nephropathy—Design
IDNT: Effects of Irbesartan vs Amlopidine in Diabetic Nephropathy—Results
IRAS: CVD Risk Factors Are Also Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes
IRMA 2: Renoprotective Effects of Irbesartan in Type 2 Diabetes
LIFE: Design, Hypothesis, and Baseline Characteristics
LIFE: Primary Composite Endpoint
LIFE: Fatal and Nonfatal Stroke
LIFE: New-Onset Diabetes
CLINICAL TRIALS: M-R
Meta-Analysis: CHD Events in Type 2 Diabetes—Primary-Prevention Lipid Lowering
Meta-Analysis: Effects of RAS Inhibition on Risk of New-Onset Diabetes
Meta-Analysis: Overlap in Racial Response to Antihypertensives
MICRO-HOPE: ACEI Reduces Risk of Nephropathy and CHFin Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
PEACE: Design, Hypothesis, and Baseline Demographics
PEACE: CHF, Stroke, and All-Cause Mortality
PIUMA: Cumulative Risk and Metabolic Syndrome Characteristics
PREMIER: Study Design
PREMIER: Lifestyle Modification Success Rates
PREMIER: Study Results
RENAAL: Design, Hypothesis, and Baseline Demographics
RENAAL: Risk Reduction With Losartan—Design
RENAAL: Reduced Heart Failure With Losartan
RENAAL: Impact of Losartan in Chronic Kidney Disease
RENAAL: Risk Reduction With Losartan—Results
CLINICAL TRIALS: S-Z
SHEP: Older Patients With ISH
Syst-China: Stepwise BP Treatment Improves Prognosis in Elderly Chinese
Syst-Eur: Older Patients With ISH
Syst-Eur: Older Patients With ISH
Val-HeFT: Design, Hypothesis, and Baseline Demographics
Val-HeFT: Primary Endpoint
Val-HeFT: Heart Failure Morbidity in Patients Not on ACEI
VALIANT: Design, Hypothesis, and Baseline Demographics
VALIANT: Primary Endpoint Death from Any Cause
VALIANT: CV Mortality and Morbidity
VALIANT: Conclusions
VALUE: Design, Hypothesis, and Baseline Demographics
VALUE: Systolic Blood Pressure in Study
VALUE: Incidence of New-Onset Diabetes
VALUE: Time to First Cardiac Event
COMORBIDITIES: CVD/CHD
Albuminuria as Independent Risk Factor for Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
ALLHAT: Cumulative Event Rates for Primary Outcome
ALLHAT: Cumulative Event Rates for Heart Failure
ALLHAT: Lisinopril vs Chlorthalidone in Blacks
ALLHAT: Lisinopril vs Chlorthalidone in Nonblacks
ALLHAT: Amlodipine vs Chlorthalidone in Blacks
ALLHAT: Amlodipine vs Chlorthalidone in Nonblacks
ALLHAT: Heart Failure Rate for Blacks
ALLHAT: Heart Failure Rate for Nonblacks
ATP III: Management of Diabetic Dyslipidemia
ATP III: The Metabolic Syndrome Diagnosis Established When ≥3 Risk Factors Are Present
BP-Lowering Treatment Trialists: Heart Failure
CAMELOT: Primary Endpoint (1 of 2)
CAMELOT: Primary Endpoint (2 of 2)
CHARM-Overall: Primary Endpoint (CV and Non-CV Death)
CHARM-Alternative: Primary Endpoint
Comparisons of ARB-Based Regimens With Control Regimens in HTN
Compelling Indications for Hypertension Drug Classes (1 of 2)
Compelling Indications for Hypertension Drug Classes (2 of 2)
CVD Risk Increases With BMI in Asia-Pacific Region
CVD Risk Reduction From Tight Control of BP and Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes: The Most Common Cause of ESRD
Diabetes and CVD
East-West Study: 7-Year Incidence of Fatal and Nonfatal MI in Type 2 Diabetes and CHD
Elevated Risk of CVD Prior to Clinical Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes
EPHESUS: Death Rate From CV Causesor Hospitalization for CV Events
HOPE: Composite Outcome* Results
HOPE:Rate of Developing Heart Failure
HOPE: Risk of Cardiovascular Events According to Microalbuminuria and Diabetes Status
IRAS: CVD Risk Factors Are Also Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes
LIFE: Primary Composite Endpoint
LIFE: Fatal and Nonfatal Stroke
MERIT-HF: Subgroup Analysis by Race
Meta-Analysis: CHD Events in Type 2 Diabetes—Primary-Prevention Lipid Lowering
Microalbuminuria Predicts CV Risk at Levels Below Current Definition
Non-Obese Asian-Indians With High CVD Risk
PEACE: CHF, Stroke, and All-Cause Mortality
PIUMA: Cumulative Risk and Metabolic Syndrome Characteristics
Relationship Between Estimated GFR and Cardiovascular Outcome
RENAAL: Reduced Heart Failure With Losartan
SHEP: Older Patients With ISH
Stroke Mortality Rate vs Usual Blood Pressure
Syst-Eur: Older Patients With ISH
Val-HeFT: Primary Endpoint
VALIANT: Conclusions
COMORBIDITIES: DIABETES/RENOPROTECTION
AASK: Renoprotective Effects of Ramipril in Hypertension
ALLHAT: Effect of Antihypertensive Class on New-Onset Diabetes
ALLHAT: Fasting Glucose by Treatment Group
Compelling Indications for Hypertension Drug Classes
Diabetes and Hypertension
Elevated Risk of CVD Prior to Clinical Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes
HOPE: Risk of Cardiovascular Events According to Microalbuminuria and Diabetes Status
IDNT: Effects of Irbesartan vs Amlopidine in Diabetic Nephropathy—Proteinuria Results
IRAS: CVD Risk Factors Are Also Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes
IRMA 2: Renoprotective Effects of Irbesartan in Type 2 Diabetes
MARVAL: Risk Reduction With Valsartan vs Amlopidine
PIUMA: Cumulative Risk and Metabolic Syndrome Characteristics
GUIDELINES AND CLASSIFICATIONS: HYPERTENSION
Classification of Heart Failure: ACC/AHA Stage vs NYHA Class
DASH Diet
DASH-Sodium Study: Effect on Blood Pressure
ISHIB: Hypertension Treatment in African Americans
ISHIB Recommendations for African-Americans With High BP
JNC 7: Hypertension Treatment Algorithm
JNC 7: Lifestyle Modifications to Manage Hypertension
Recommended Treatment of Hypertension in Diabetes
GUIDELINES AND CLASSIFICATIONS: GLOBAL RISK ASSESSMENT
ADA: Recommended Treatment of Hypertension
ADA: Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes, IFG, IGT
Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) Clinical Practice Guidelines
K/DOQI Guidelines: Estimating GFR
Microalbuminuria and Macroalbuminuria
National Kidney Foundation: Stages and Prevalence of CKD (Age >20 Years)
Risk Factors for Proteinuria in CKD
Screening for Proteinuria
NONPHARMACOLOGIC THERAPIES
PREMIER: Lifestyle Modification Success Rates
Women’s Health Initiative: Total Energy Expenditure From Walking
PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPIES
ACE-Inhibitors Not For Everyone
Clinical Trials of ARBs in Older HF Patients
Combination Therapy Often Required to Reach JNC Goals
Effect of Antihypertensive Drug Treatment on Cardiovascular Events
Polypharmacy and Aging
SPECIAL POPULATIONS
A-HeFT: First HF Trial in African-Americans
A-HeFT: 43% Decrease in Mortality
A-HeFT: Components of Composite Score
A-HeFT: Conclusions
AASK: Overview
AASK: Relative Risk Reduction With Ramipril vs Amlodipine
ALLHAT: Lisinopril vs Chlorthalidone in Blacks
ALLHAT: Amlodipine vs Chlorthalidone in Blacks
ALLHAT: Heart Failure Rate for Blacks
ALLHAT: Angioedema in Blacks vs Nonblacks
Amlodipine vs Enalapril in Hypertensive Chinese Patients
Effects of Beta-Blocker in HF: African-Americans
Effect of Carvedilol in African-American Patients With HF
Higher CRP Concentrations in Asian-Indians Living in the US
JNC 7: Considerations for Special Populations
STATISTICS
Cardiovascular Disease Continuum
Death Rates From Hypertension
Forecasted Increases in Worldwide Hypertension Prevalence
From Risk Factors to Heart Failure
HF in African-Americans
HF Incidence in African-Americans by Age, Gender
Heart Failure Facts
Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control: US 1976 to 2000
Hypertension Challenges in the Elderly
Hypertension Facts
Hypertension in African-Americans
Impact of High-Normal BP on CVD Risk in Women: Framingham Study
Kidney Disease and Diabetes
Lower BP Key to a Healthier Life
Overweight/Obesity: Mortality
Population-Attributable Risk* for Heart Failure Development
Role of Waist Circumference in Assessing Risk
Smoking: Mortality
Time-to-Benefit of Smoking Cessation After Last Cigarette
US Adults With HTN by Sex, Race, Ethnicity: NHANES 1988-1994 to 1999-2000
US Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases
Prevalence of Hypertension: NHANES, 1999–2000
Hypertension Largely Uncontrolled Across Ethnic Groups
Race/Ethnicity and HBP
Hypertension in African Americans
Greater RR of Comorbid Conditions, Events in Blacks vs Whites
Hypertension in African Americans
Keys to Treating Hypertension in African-American Patients
In African Americans, Some Barriers to Hypertension Control Are Patient-Related
In African Americans, Some Barriers to Hypertension Control Are Physician-Related
RAS Blockade in Blacks
ALLHAT: Stroke in Different Subgroups
AASK: Results
Blacks in LIFE
HTN in Hispanic Americans
HTN in South Asians
HTN in East Asians and Native Hawaiians
JNC 7: Considerations for Special Populations
Hypertension in Men: More Prevalent in Blacks
Hypertension in Women:More Prevalent in Blacks
Characteristics of Hypertension in African Americans
Blacks Have Higher CHD, Stroke Mortality Rates
Hypertension in Men: Prevalence in Hispanics Versus Whites
Hypertension in Women: Prevalence in Hispanics Versus Whites
Lower Vs Standard BP Targets: Reductions in Morbidity and Mortality?
Comparison of CV Outcomes for First-Line Hypertension Treatments
Tight Vs Usual Control of Systolic BP Among Non-Diabetic Subjects With Hypertension
Effect of Dietary and Lifestyle Factors on Hypertension Among Women: Design
Association Between New-Onset Diabetes and Antihypertensive Therapy
Effect of Dietary and Lifestyle Factors on Hypertension Among Women: Results

ARB Use and Risk of MI, CV Events (1 of 2)
ARB Use and Risk of MI, CV Events (2 of 2)

Pharmacologic Therapies: Diabetes Management

Diabetes Management
Effect of Liraglutide on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Design
Effects of Liraglutide and Insulin on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Liraglutide Effect on Cardiovascular Disease: Results Among Patients Switched from Exenatide
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Treating the IGT Patient With Lifestyle Changes
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Reduction in Risk for Diabetes
Diabetes Prevention Program: Study Design
Diabetes Prevention Program
DREAM: Primary Outcome of New Onset Diabetes or Death
ASCOT-LLA: Primary End Point in Subgroups
FIELD: Fenofibrate Effect on Lipids
DAIS: Impact of Aggressive Therapy on Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
DAIS: Mean Baseline Lipoprotein Levels
DAIS: Interim Lipid Results in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
DAIS: Final Results in Patients With Types 2 Diabetes
Framingham Heart Study 30-Year Follow-Up: CVD Events in Patients With Diabetes (Ages 35-64)
Secondary Prevention: CHD Risk Reduction in the 4S Subgroup of Patients WIth Diabetes
4S: Total Mortality Reduction in a Subgroup of Patients With Diabetes
4S: Major CHD Event Reduction in a Subgroup of Patients With Diabetes
4S: Treatment Benefit in Subgroup With Impaired Fasting Glucose (FG 110-125 mg/dL)
CARE: Reduction of Coronary Events in Patients With Diabetes
CARE: Major Coronary Events in the Diabetic Subgroup
ARIC: CHD Events, CVD Mortality With/Without MI or Diabetes
Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): Results Summary
Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): Major CVD Events
CARDS: Effect of Treatment on Primary and Secondary End Points
CARDS: Effect of Treatment on Primary End Point by Lipid Level
HOPE Study: Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes
HPS Substudy: First Major Coronary Event and Stroke by Prior to Diabetes Status
HPS Substudy: First Major Vascular Event by LDL-C and Prior Diabetes Status
HPS Diabetes Substudy: Absolute Effects on 5-Year Rates of First Major Vascular Event
PROactive: Primary and Main Secondary Endpoint Results
PROactive Subanalysis: Time to Fatal or Nonfatal Stroke in Patients With vs Without Previous Stroke
TNT: Intensive Atorvastatin Treatment Reduces Cardiovascular Events in Patients With CHD and Diabetes
SPARCL: First Events
ADA/AHA: Different Approaches to Primary Prevention of CVD in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
ADA Treatment Recommendations for Hypertension and Nephropathy
ADA Targets for Lipids in Type 2 Diabetes
ADA Recommendations for Aspirin Therapy in Diabetes
ADA Guidelines for Treatment of Older Adults With Diabetes
Treatment of Lipid Disorders in Patients With Diabetes
Common Drug Treatments for Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Odds of CVD by Disease Condition and CRP Level
Non–HDL-C as a Predictor of Risk for CHD in Diabetes
Global Impact of Hyperglycemia: Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke Mortality
Diabetes Is Undertreated Even When Atherosclerosis Present
Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease by BMI
PROactive 10 Substudy: Time to First Event from MACE Endpointa
PROactive 10 Substudy: Time to CV Death, Nonfatal MIa, Nonfatal Stroke
PROactive 10 Substudy: Time to All-Cause Mortality, Nonfatal MIa, Nonfatal Stroke, or ACS
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With Diabetes
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With CVD
Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Eye: Substudy of ACCORD
ACCORD Eye: Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy By Treatment Group at Year 4
ACCORD Eye: Moderate Vision Loss By Treatment Group at Year 4
Liraglutide Vs Sigagliptin for Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Metformin: Design
Liraglutide Vs Sigagliptin for Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Metformin: A1C Reduction
CANOE: Low-Dose Combination Therapy With Rosiglitazone Plus Metformin for Diabetes Prevention
CANOE: Development of New-Onset Diabetes With Low-Dose Combination Therapy Vs Placebo
LOADD: Primary Endpoint—Difference in A1C at 6 Months
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With CVD
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With Diabetes
Impact of Higher Heart Rate on Development of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors After 20 Years
RECORD: Study Design
RECORD: CV Death and Hospitalization
RECORD: Time to Primary Endpoint
RECORD: Bone Fracture Rates in Upper and Distal Lower Limbs
RECORD: Conclusion
CVD Mortality Risk Rate Among Men With MetSyn and Diabetes, Alone and in Combination
Hazard Ratios of CVD Mortality Among Men with MetSyn and Diabetes, Alone and in Combination
ADA Nutrition Strategies, Interventions for Improved Metabolic Control

Effect of Liraglutide on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Design
Effect of Liraglutide on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Results
Effects of Liraglutide and Insulin on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Liraglutide Effect on Cardiovascular Disease: Results Among Patients Switched from Exenatide

Pharmacologic Therapies: Lipid Management

Bile-Acid Sequestrants
L-TAP: Patient Success in Achieving Target LDL-C Levels
L-CAD: Effect of Intensive Therapy Post-ACS on Lipid Values
L-CAD: Comparison of End Points, Change in Lumen Diameters
Post-CABG: Impact of Aggressive vs Moderate Lowering of LDL-C on Atherosclerosis
Post-CABG Study: Aggressive vs Moderate Treatment
Post-CABG: End Points, Results, Conclusions
Post-CABG Angiographic Outcomes
Post-CABG: Event Rates by Cholesterol Group
Post-CABG: Aggressive LDL-C Lowering Delays Progression of Atherosclerosis in Women, Elderly, and Patients With Selected CHD Risk Factors
ATP III: Management of Very High LDL-C
Effects of Lipid Lowering on Endothelial Function: Hypercholesterolemic Patients
Effects of Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Myocardial Perfusion in CHD Patients
Metabolic Effects of Lipid-Lowering Agents on Lipoproteins
Colesevelam, Atorvastatin—Effects on Lipids
Common Drug Treatments for Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Cholesterol-Absorption Inhibitors
Common Drug Treatments for Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Effect of Ezetimibe Monotherapy on Lipids in Patients With Primary Hypercholesterolemia
Effect of Ezetimibe + Statin Therapy on Lipids in Patients with Primary Hypercholesterolemia
Effect of Ezetimibe + Atorvastatin on Lipids in Primary Hypercholesterolemia
Effect of Ezetimibe + Simvastatin on Lipids in Primary Hypercholesterolemia
Effect of Ezetimibe + Lovastatin on Lipids in Primary Hypercholesterolemia
Fibric Acids
FIELD: Fenofibrate Effect on Lipids
DAIS: Impact of Aggressive Therapy on Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
DAIS: Interim Lipid Results in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
DAIS: Final Results in Patients With Types 2 Diabetes
DIACOR Substudy: Effects of Simvastatin and/or Fenofibrate on Lipoprotein Subparticles
DIACOR Substudy: Level of LDL Pattern B at Baseline and Week 12
ACCORD LIPID: Effects of Combination Statin + Fibrate Therapy
ACCORD LIPID: Effects of Combination Statin + Fibrate Therapy
L-TAP: Patient Success in Achieving Target LDL-C Levels
Fasting TG and Risk for CHD: Helsinki Heart Study
HIT: Favorable Effects of Fibrate on CVD Events in CHD Patients With Isolated Low HDL-C
Primary CHD Prevention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Helsinki Heart Study
Fasting TG and Risk for CHD Death: Paris Prospective Study
Lipid Lowering and Plaque Regression: Monotherapy Studies
ATP III: Management of Elevated TG
Statin Advisory: Risk Factors for Statin-Associated Myopathy
Treatment of Lipid Disorders in Patients With Diabetes
Metabolic Effects of Lipid-Lowering Agents on Lipoproteins
Colesevelam, Atorvastatin—Effects on Lipids
Common Drug Treatments for Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Clinical Benefits of Cholesterol Reduction
ATP III: Management of Low HDL-C
Lipid Lowering and Plaque Regression: Combination Therapy Studies
MI Prevention With Bezafibrate in Metabolic Syndrome
Incidence of Myopathy in 3 UK Cohorts
Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Eye: Substudy of ACCORD
ACCORD Eye: Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy By Treatment Group at Year 4
ACCORD Eye: Moderate Vision Loss By Treatment Group at Year 4
Fibrates: Effects on Lipid Profiles and CV Events
Nicotinic Acid
L-TAP: Patient Success in Achieving Target LDL-C Levels
L-CAD: Effect of Intensive Therapy Post-ACS on Lipid Values
L-CAD: Comparison of End Points, Change in Lumen Diameters
HATS: Lipid Levels Before and During Treatment
HATS: Percent Change in Stenosis
SEACOAST: Combination Therapy for Increased Non–HDL-C
Primary Endpoint
ATP III: Management of Elevated TG
Statin Advisory: Risk Factors for Statin-Associated Myopathy
Treatment of Lipid Disorders in Patients With Diabetes
Metabolic Effects of Lipid-Lowering Agents on Lipoproteins
Common Drug Treatments for Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
ATP III: Management of Low HDL-C
Lipid Lowering and Plaque Regression: Combination Therapy Studies
Effect of Dual-Component E-R Niacin/Lovastatin on Lipids in Primary Hypercholesterolemia
ARBITER 6–Halts: Methods and Final Results
ARBITER 6–HALTS: Final Results
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 Concentrate: Effects on Lipids
Omega-3 Concentrate Plus Statin: Effects on TG
P-OM3 Plus Simvastatin: Study Design
P-OM3 Plus Simvastatin: Changes in Lipids and Lipoprotein Particles From Baseline
Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters in Addition to Statin Therapy: Effects on Lipoprotein Particle Concentrations
SU.FOL.OM-3: Effects of B Vitamins and Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on CVD—Design
Effects of B Vitamins and Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on CVD: Primary Endpoint
Statins
AFCAPS/TexCAPS: RR of Acute Coronary Events—LDL-C and Homocysteine
AFCAPS/TexCAPS: RR of Acute Coronary Events—TC: HDL-C Ratio and CRP Level
ACCESS: Change in LDL-C, Non–HDL-C in All Patients at 54 Weeks
4S: Effect of LDL-C Lowering on Coronary Events in Secondary Prevention Trial in Men and Women
4S: Findings From a Post Hoc Analysis
4S: Impact of Drug Therapy on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Older Adults With Hypercholesterolemia
4S: Reduction in Coronary Events and Revascularizations in Older Adults With Established CHD
4S: Survival of Major Coronary Events in Older Adults
4S: Clinical and Economic Benefits of Treatment Over 5-Yr Period
CARE: Effect of Lipid Lowering on Lipid Values and Coronary Events in CHD Patients With Average Cholesterol
CARE: Fatal CHD or Nonfatal MI (Primary End Point)
CARE: Secondary End Points
CARE: Findings From a Post Hoc Analysis
CARE: Impact of Drug Therapy on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Older Patients With MI
CARE: Reduction in Coronary Events, Revascularizations, and Stroke in Older Adults With MI and Average Cholesterol Levels
CARE: Incidence of Coronary Events in Younger Versus Older Patients
AFCAPS/TexCAPS: Primary End Point Event Rates Within Demographic and Risk Factor Subgroups
A to Z Trial: Primary End Point
A to Z Trial: Secondary End Points and Adverse Events
The CURVES Trial: A Comparison of LDL-C Lowering Among Statins
The CURVES Trial: Comparative LDL-C Reductions
ASAP: Study Design
ASAP: Cholesterol-Lowering Results
ASAP: Primary Parameter Change in Overall Carotid IMT
AVERT: Study Design and Inclusion Criteria
AVERT: Overview of Study Procedures
AVERT: Primary Efficacy Assessment
AVERT: Secondary Efficacy Assessments
AVERT: Baseline Patient Characteristics
AVERT: Ischemic Events
AVERT: Ischemic Events
AVERT: Time to First Ischemic Event
AVERT: Summary of Lipid Parameters
AVERT: Incidence of First Ischemic Event by Time
AVERT: Safety Evaluation
AVERT: Conclusions
ALLHAT-LLT: All-Cause Mortality
ALLHAT-LLT: Comparison to Other Large, Long-Term Statin Trials
ASCOT–LLA: Study Design
ASCOT-LLA: Primary End Point
ASCOT-LLA: Primary End Point in Subgroups
ASCOT-LLA: Secondary End Points
Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): Results Summary
Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): Major CVD Events
CARDS: Effect of Treatment on Primary and Secondary End Points
ASTEROID: High-Dose Statin Therapy–Effects on Atherosclerosis
ASTEROID: High-Dose Statin Therapy—Effects on LDL-C and HDL-C
ASTEROID: High-Dose Statin Therapy—Effects on Discrete Coronary Stenoses
METEOR: Effects of Statin Therapy on Low-Risk Patients—Primary Endpoint
METEOR: Effects of Statin Therapy on Low-Risk Patients—Secondary Endpoints
ENHANCE: Combination Therapy—Primary Outcome
ENHANCE: Combination Therapy—Effects on Lipoproteins
ACCORD: Study Design
DIACOR Substudy: Effects of Simvastatin and/or Fenofibrate on Lipoprotein Subparticles
DIACOR Substudy: Level of LDL Pattern B at Baseline and Week 12
ACCORD LIPID: Effects of Combination Statin + Fibrate Therapy
ACCORD LIPID: Effects of Combination Statin + Fibrate Therapy
L-TAP: Patient Success in Achieving Target LDL-C Levels
LIPID: Effect of Lipid Lowering on Lipid Values and Coronary Events in CHD Patients With Average Cholesterol
LIPID: Reduction in Nonfatal MI and CHD Death Risk Stratified by Sex
LIPID: Reduction in Nonfatal MI and CHD Death Risk Stratified by Diabetic Status
LIPID: Reduction in nonfatal MI and CHD Death Risk Stratified by Prerandomization Age
LIPID Trial Follow-Up: Cardiovascular Events Over 8 Years
LIPID Trial Follow-Up: Serious Adverse Events Over 8 Years
LCAS: Effect on Lipids between Baseline and End of Trial
LCAS: Primary End Point
LCAS: Effect of Treatment on Patients Experiencing Progression or Regression
LCAS: Conclusions
Heart Protection Study (HPS): Elibigility
HPS: Design and Interventions
HPS: End Points for Lipid Lowering
HPS: Effects of Simvastatin on Cause-Specific Mortality
HPS: Effects of Simvastatin on First major Vascular Event
HPS: Effects of Simvastatin on Vascular Events by Year
HPS: Effects of Simvastatin on Vascular Events by LDL-C
HPS: Absolute Risk Reductions
L-CAD: Effect of Intensive Therapy Post-ACS on Lipid Values
L-CAD: Comparison of End Points, Change in Lumen Diameters
HATS: Lipid Levels Before and During Treatment
HATS: Percent Change in Stenosis
IDEAL Study: Secondary End Points
IDEAL Study: Effect of Treatment on LDL-C
JUPITER: Statin Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease—Participant Profile
JUPITER: Study Design
PRINCE: Change in CRP Levels at 24 Weeks
Post-CABG: Impact of Aggressive vs Moderate Lowering of LDL-C on Atherosclerosis
Post-CABG Study: Aggressive vs Moderate Treatment
Post-CABG: End Points, Results, Conclusions
Post-CABG Angiographic Outcomes
Post-CABG: Event Rates by Cholesterol Group
Post-CABG: Aggressive LDL-C Lowering Delays Progression of Atherosclerosis in Women, Elderly, and Patients With Selected CHD Risk Factors
PROSPER: Primary Composite End Point Results CHD Death, Nonfatal MI, Fatal or Nonfatal Stroke
PROSPER: Secondary End Point Results
PROSPER: Rate of CHD-Related Death
MIRACL: Study Design
MIRACL: Major Exclusion Criteria
MIRACL: Outcome Measures
MIRACL: Baseline Patient Characteristics
MIRACL: Change in Lipid Levels
MIRACL: Time to First Ischemic Event
MIRACL: Occurrence of Primary Combined End Point
MIRACL: Fatal or Nonfatal Stroke
MIRACL: Conclusions and Implications
PRISM: Event Rate Curves
REVERSAL: Effect of Moderate vs Intensive Statin Therapy
PROVE-IT: Median LDL-C Levels During Study
PROVE-IT: Primary Composite End Point
ORION: Study Design
ORION: Effects of Rosuvastatin on Change in Carotid Plaque Volume, Composition
WOSCOPS: Effects of Lipid Lowering on Coronary Events in Primary Prevention Trial in Men
WOSCOPS: Relation of Baseline LDL-C to Event Rate
WOSCOPS: Relation of Baseline HDL-C to Event Rate
WOSCOPS: Relation Between Quintiles of LDL-C Reduction and CHD Events
Treating to New Targets: Mean Lipid Levels
TNT: Hazard Ratios for the Primary Outcome
TNT: Hazard Ratios for Primary Outcome Components
TNT: Hazard Ratios for Secondary Outcomes
Relationship Between LDL-C and Event Rates in TNT and Other Statin Trials
TNT: Safety Profile
SPARCL Primary Outcome: Fatal or Nonfatal Stroke
Swedish Register Study Design and Baseline Characteristics
Swedish Register Study: Early Statin Treatment Improves Post-AMI Survival Rates
Swedish Register Study: Implications for Early Statin Treatment
STELLAR: Percent Change in LDL-C From Baseline
STELLAR: Percent Change in HDL-C From Baseline
STELLAR: Percent of Patients at NCEP ATP III LDL-C Goal (6-Week Data)
SEACOAST: Combination Therapy for Increased Non–HDL-C
Primary Endpoint
Trends in Total Cholesterol for US Adults, 1960-1962 to 1999-2002
Lipid Lowering and Plaque Regression: Monotherapy Studies
Event Reduction in Angiographic Plaque Regression Trials
Effects of Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Endothelial Function in CHD Patients
Effect of Cholesterol Lowering on Myocardial Ischemia
TGs Predict CAD Risk Independently of TC and HDL-C
Association of Small, Dense LDL With Myocardial Infarction
ATP III: Special Populations—Women, Middle-Aged Men
Statin Advisory: Definitions of Muscle Toxicity
Statin Advisory: Monitoring Parameters, Follow-Up Schedule
Statin Advisory: Clinical Precautions When Prescribing Statin Therapy
Statin Advisory: Risk Factors for Statin-Associated Myopathy
Statin Advisory: Conclusions
ABCs of CVD Risk Management (cont.)
Treatment of Lipid Disorders in Patients With Diabetes
ATP III: Management of Very High LDL-C
Effects of Lipid Lowering on Endothelial Function: Hypercholesterolemic Patients
Effects of Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Myocardial Perfusion in CHD Patients
Metabolic Effects of Lipid-Lowering Agents on Lipoproteins
Colesevelam, Atorvastatin—Effects on Lipids
Common Drug Treatments for Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Effect of Ezetimibe + Statin Therapy on Lipids in Patients with Primary Hypercholesterolemia
Effect of Ezetimibe + Atorvastatin on Lipids in Primary Hypercholesterolemia
Effect of Ezetimibe + Simvastatin on Lipids in Primary Hypercholesterolemia
Effect of Ezetimibe + Lovastatin on Lipids in Primary Hypercholesterolemia
Clinical Benefits of Cholesterol Reduction
Lipid Lowering and Plaque Regression: Combination Therapy Studies
Incidence of Myopathy in 3 UK Cohorts
Effect of Dual-Component E-R Niacin/Lovastatin on Lipids in Primary Hypercholesterolemia
Omega-3 Concentrate Plus Statin: Effects on TG
Summary of Effects of Lipid Lowering on Lipids and Clinical Events in Recent Statin Trials
Statins: Frequency of Proteinuria, Hematuria, and Proteinuria/Hematuria
LCL-C Lowering According to Statin and Dose: A Meta-Analysis of 164 Trials
Effect of Atorvastatin on Walking Distance in Patients With PAD
Reductions in Vascular Event Costs With a Statin
Effect of Statin Therapy on AMI Within 24 Hours of Hospitalization
Relative Risk for Major Vascular Events With Statin Therapy
PROVE-IT Substudy: Major Safety Outcomes
PROVE-IT Substudy: Primary Endpoint and Achieved LDL-C Levels
Switching Statins: Effects on Compliance and Persistence
Phenotypic Predictors of Response to Simvastatin
Effect of Cholesterol Lowering on Stroke Events: A Meta-analysis of Statin Trials
Effects of Statins on Stroke Events: A Meta-analysis of Primary- and Secondary-Prevention Trials
Impact of Lowering LDL-C on CVD Events and Total Mortality
Relation Between CHD Events and LDL-C Outcomes in Statin Trials
Atorvastatin: Percent of Patients With >1 Adverse Event (Pooled Analysis: Fixed-Dose Data Grouping)
Cholesterol Biosynthetic Pathway
Comparative Efficacy of Available Statins
Atorvastatin Dose-Response Relationship in Primary Hypercholesterolemia
Safety Summary for HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Risk of CHD Events and Level of Cholesterol
Effects of Three Treatments on CRP
Pathway Model and Therapies for Atherosclerosis, Risk for MI
Impact of Atorvastatin on Lipids in Patients With Hypertriglyceridemia
Effects of HRT and Simvastatin Compared in Hypercholesterolemic Postmenopausal Women
Rosuvastatin: Clinical Pharmacology
Association of Small, Dense LDL With Insulin Resistance
Statin Trials: Therapy Reduces Major Coronary Events in Women
Overall Risk Reduction for Major Coronary Events by Sex: A Meta-Analysis
Clinical Trial Findings: The Statins
Impact of Atorvastatin on Lipids in Postmenopausal Women
Impact of Statin-Induced Changes in LDL-C and HDL-C on Atheroma Burden (2 of 2)
P-OM3 Plus Simvastatin: Study Design
P-OM3 Plus Simvastatin: Changes in Lipids and Lipoprotein Particles From Baseline
Effect of Atorvastatin on Biomarkers in Patients With MetSyn: Study Design
Effect of Atorvastatin on hs-CRP in Patients with MetSyn
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With CVD
NHANES Extrapolation: Population Meeting JUPITER Study Eligibility
Population Estimatesa at ATP III Risk Categories with CRP ≥2 mg/L
Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Eye: Substudy of ACCORD
ACCORD Eye: Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy By Treatment Group at Year 4
ACCORD Eye: Moderate Vision Loss By Treatment Group at Year 4
Benefit of Statins for Subjects With CVD but Without CV Risk Factors
Effects of ↑ HDL-C and ↓ LDL-C on First Acute Major Coronary Events: Results
Effects of ↑ HDL-C and ↓ LDL-C on First Acute Major Coronary Events: Additional Results at Year 1
Effect of Statins on Atherosclerosis After ACS: Design
Effect of Statins on Atherosclerosis After ACS: Percent Change in Atheroma Volume
Effects of ↑ HDL-C and ↓ LDL-C on First Acute Major Coronary Events: Design
ARBITER--6 HALTS: Effect of Niacin ER or Ezetimibe on CIMT
Results from ARBITER 6--HALTS: Effect of Niacin ER or Ezetimibe on CIMT
Statin Use and Risk for Diabetes: Design
Statin Use and Risk for Diabetes: Results
SEARCH: Design
SEARCH: Rate of Major Vascular Events
SEARCH: Additional Outcomes
Meta-analysis: Efficacy and Safety of Intensive LDL Lowering
Meta-analysis: Efficacy and Safety of Intensive LDL Lowering—Findings
ARBITER 6–Halts: Methods and Final Results
ARBITER 6–HALTS: Final Results
JUPITER Statin Use for Primary Prevention of CVD Events in Women
Meta-Analysis: Statin Use for Primary Prevention of CVD Events in Women

Statin Use and Risk for Diabetes: Design
Statin Use and Risk for Diabetes: Results
SEARCH: Design
SEARCH: Rate of Major Vascular Events
SEARCH: Additional Outcomes
Effects of B Vitamins and Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on CVD: Primary Endpoint
Meta-analysis: Efficacy and Safety of Intensive LDL Lowering
Meta-analysis: Efficacy and Safety of Intensive LDL Lowering—Findings

Pharmacologic Therapies: Other

Pharmacologic Therapies Other
CHARISMA: Clopidogrel + Aspirin vs Aspirin Alone in High-Risk CVD Patients
EPAT: Baseline Characteristics of Evaluable Patients
EPAT: Progression of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness (IMT)
PERISCOPE: Study Design
PERISCOPE: Change in PAV
HERS: Combined HRT Does Not Decrease All-Cause Mortality
HERS: Primary CHD Events
HERS: HDL-C Distribution in a Cohort With CHD
HERS, HERS II: Relative Hazard of CHD Events
HERS: Risk of Cerebrovascular Disease Events
IBIS-2: Effects of Lp-PLA2 Inhibitor Darapladib on Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque
IBIS-2: Decreases in Progression of Necrotic Core
JELIS: Study Design
JELIS: Multiple Risk Factorsa and Incidence of Major Coronary Events
JPAD: Study Design
JPAD Results: Primary Endpoint (CVD Composite)
JPAD Results: Primary Endpoint in Subgroups
JUPITER: Lipid and Hs-CRP Levels
JUPITER Results: Primary Endpoint
JUPITER Results: Components of Primary Endpoint
JUPITER Results: Summary
NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study: CHD Incidence and Survival in African American Men and Women
Impact of Estrogen and Progestin on Cholesterol Concentrations
HRT Effects on C-Reactive Protein Levels: PEPI Trial Subgroup
MORE: Cardiovascular Events at 4-Year Follow-up
WHI trial of Estrogen, Progestin Ended
WHI: CHD, Stroke Outcomes in Estrogen-Alone Arm
Swedish Register Study Design and Baseline Characteristics
Treatment Options for Peripheral Arterial Disease
Treatment Options for Peripheral Arterial Disease (cont)
Event Reduction in Angiographic Plaque Regression Trials
Angiographically Inapparent Atheroma
ATP III: LDL-C Measurements in Patients Hospitalized for Major Coronary Events
Statin Advisory: Risk Factors for Statin-Associated Myopathy
Effects of Drug Therapy and Diet on Lipids
ABCs of CVD Risk Management
Common Drug Treatments for Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Effects of Three Treatments on CRP
Lowest Effective Aspirin Dose for MI and Stroke Reduction
Early Primary-Prevention Trials: Overview
Early Secondary-Prevention Trials: Overview
Pathway Model and Therapies for Atherosclerosis, Risk for MI
Effect of Rimonabant on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Impact of Atorvastatin on Lipids in Patients With Hypertriglyceridemia
Effects of HRT and Simvastatin Compared in Hypercholesterolemic Postmenopausal Women
HRT Effects on C-Reactive Protein Levels
Raloxifene: Effects on Lipids in Postmenopausal Women
Rosuvastatin: Clinical Pharmacology
PROactive 10 Substudy: Time to First Event from MACE Endpointa
PROactive 10 Substudy: Time to All-Cause Mortality, Nonfatal MIa, Nonfatal Stroke, or ACS
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With Diabetes
ADA/AHA/ACC: Recommendations for Use of Aspirin for Primary Prevention of CV Events in People With Diabetes
Reduction in Vascular Events With Aspirin Treatment: Primary Prevention Trials
Reduction in Vascular Events With Aspirin Treatment: Secondary Prevention Trials
SU.FOL.OM-3: Effects of B Vitamins and Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on CVD—Design
Effects of B Vitamins and Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on CVD: Primary Endpoint
Systematic Review of CV Risk With NSAID Use: Design
Review of CV Risk with NSAID Use: Results

ADA/AHA/ACC: Recommendations for Use of Aspirin for Primary Prevention of CV Events in People With Diabetes
SU.FOL.OM-3: Effects of B Vitamins and Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on CVD—Design
Effects of B Vitamins and Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on CVD: Primary Endpoint
Systematic Review of CV Risk With NSAID Use: Design
Review of CV Risk with NSAID Use: Results

Special Populations

Patients With Diabetes
ADA Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes
ADA Criteria for Testing for Diabetes in Asymptomatic Adults
ADA Guidelines for Foot Care in Patients With Diabetes
ADA Guidelines for Foot Care in Patients With Diabetes (cont)
ADA Guidelines for Retinopathy Management in Diabetes
ADA Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: Screening and Treatment
ADA Guidelines for Treatment of Older Adults With Diabetes
ADA Nutrition Strategies for Weight Loss
ADA Recommendations for Medical Nutrition Therapy
ADA Recommendations for Primary Prevention of Diabetes With Medical Nutrition Therapy
ADA Recommendations for Aspirin Therapy in Diabetes
ADA Recommendations for Diabetes Care in the Hospital
ADA Recommendations for Diabetes Care in the Hospital (cont)
ADA Recommendations for Smoking Cessation in Diabetes
ADA Treatment Recommendations for Nephropathy
ADA: Goals for Glycemic, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Control
ADA: Physical Activity/Exercise Recommendations for Patients With Diabetes
ADA Recommendations on Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Diabetes
ADA Recommendations for Immunization in Patients With Diabetes
ADA Guidelines: Correlation of A1C With Average Glucose
ADA Recommendations for Neuropathy Screening and Treatment
ADA: Categories of Increased Risk for Diabetes (Prediabetes)
ADA Recommendations for Detection and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
ADA Guidelines: Common Comorbidities Associated With Diabetes
ADA Guidelines: A1C Recommendations
ADA Guidelines: Glycemic Recommendations for Nonpregnant Adults With Diabetes
ADA Guidelines: Recommendations for Type 2 Diabetes Therapy
ADA Guidelines: Recommendations for Hypoglycemia
ADA Guidelines: Recommendations for Prevention/Delay of Type 2 Diabetes
ADA Guidelines: Recommendations for Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME)
ADA Guidelines: Noninsulin Therapies for Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes (1 of 2)
ADA Guidelines: Noninsulin Therapies for Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes (2 of 2)
Look AHEAD: Design
Look AHEAD: Interventions
Look AHEAD: Change in Body Weight Across BMI Groups
Look AHEAD: Change in Fitness Levels Across BMI Groups
Look AHEAD: Additional Results
Effect of Liraglutide on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Design
Effect of Liraglutide on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Results
Effects of Liraglutide and Insulin on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Liraglutide Effect on Cardiovascular Disease: Results Among Patients Switched from Exenatide
San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study: Design
San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study: Results
AFCAPS/TexCAPS: Primary End Point Event Rates Within Demographic and Risk Factor Subgroups
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Treating the IGT Patient With Lifestyle Changes
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Success in Achieving Treatment Goals at 1 Year
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study: Reduction in Risk for Diabetes
Diabetes Prevention Program: Study Design
Diabetes Prevention Program
ASCOT-LLA: Primary End Point in Subgroups
FIELD: Fenofibrate Effect on Lipids
DAIS: Impact of Aggressive Therapy on Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
DAIS: Mean Baseline Lipoprotein Levels
DAIS: Interim Lipid Results in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
DAIS: Final Results in Patients With Types 2 Diabetes
Framingham Heart Study 30-Year Follow-Up: CVD Events in Patients With Diabetes (Ages 35-64)
Abnormal Lipid Levels in Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Abnormal Lipid Levels in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Secondary Prevention: CHD Risk Reduction in the 4S Subgroup of Patients WIth Diabetes
4S: Total Mortality Reduction in a Subgroup of Patients With Diabetes
4S: Major CHD Event Reduction in a Subgroup of Patients With Diabetes
4S: Treatment Benefit in Subgroup With Impaired Fasting Glucose (FG 110-125 mg/dL)
CARE: Major Coronary Events in the Diabetic Subgroup
ARIC: CHD Events, CVD Mortality With/Without MI or Diabetes
Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): Results Summary
Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): Major CVD Events
CARDS: Effect of Treatment on Primary and Secondary End Points
CARDS: Effect of Treatment on Primary End Point by Lipid Level
ACCORD: Study Design
ACCORD: A1c Levels, Hypoglycemia, and Weight Gain
ACCORD: Death from Any Cause
ACCORD: Results
ADVANCE: Study Design
ADVANCE: A1c Levels, Hypoglycemia, and End-Study Weight
ADVANCE: Primary Endpoints
ADVANCE: Death from Any Cause
DIACOR Substudy: Effects of Simvastatin and/or Fenofibrate on Lipoprotein Subparticles
DIACOR Substudy: Level of LDL Pattern B at Baseline and Week 12
PERISCOPE: Study Design
PERISCOPE: Change in PAV
ACCORD LIPID: Effects of Combination Statin + Fibrate Therapy
ACCORD BP: Effects of Intensive BP_Control on Type 2 Diabetes
LIPID: Reduction in Nonfatal MI and CHD Death Risk Stratified by Diabetic Status
Primary CHD Prevention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Helsinki Heart Study
HPS Substudy: First Major Vascular Event and Patients With Diabetes
HPS Substudy: First Major Coronary Event and Stroke by Prior to Diabetes Status
HPS Substudy: First Major Vascular Event by LDL-C and Prior Diabetes Status
HPS Diabetes Substudy: Absolute Effects on 5-Year Rates of First Major Vascular Event
JPAD Results: Primary Endpoint in Subgroups
JUPITER: Lipid and Hs-CRP Levels
JUPITER Results: Primary Endpoint
JUPITER Results: Components of Primary Endpoint
JUPITER Results: Summary
CHD Mortality and Hyperinsulinemia: Paris Prospective Study (N=943)
Relation Between Baseline Fasting Insulin and Ischemic Heart Disease
NHANES III: Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Individual Risk Factors for the Metabolic Syndrome
NHANES III: Age-Adjusted Prevalence of >3 Risk Factors for the Metabolic Syndrome
NHANES III: Age-Specific Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome
Post-CABG: Effect of Aggressive Lipid Lowering on a Subgroup of Patients With Diabetes
PREDICT: Study Design
PREDICT: Primary Endpoint Event Rates in Successive Categories of CAC Score
Prevalence of Macrovascular Disease and CHD According to Quintiles of Fasting C-Peptide
The Strong Heart Study: Differences in CVD Risk Factors by Diabetic Status in Men and Women
Strong Heart Study: Non–HDL-C as CVD Risk Predictor in Patients With Diabetes
Strong Heart Study: Non–HDL-C Compared With Other CVD Risk Predictors
Trends in CHD Risk Among Adults With Diabetes: Design
Trends in CHD Risk Among Adults With Diabetes: Results
Hypertriglyceridemia and CHD Risk: Associated Abnormalities
Interrelation Between Atherosclerosis and Insulin Resistance
Progression to Atherosclerotic Clinical Events in Patients With Diabetes
Atherosclerosis in Diabetes
Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis: Posited Relationships
ATP III: The Metabolic Syndrome
ATP III: Management of Diabetic Dyslipidemia
Updated Criteria for Clinical Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome
ADA: Glycemic Control, BP, and Lipid Targets in Type 2 Diabetes
ADA: Treatment Decisions by LDL-C Levels in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
ABCs of CVD Risk Management (cont.)
TG Metabolism in CHD: Studies in the Postprandial State
Treatment of Lipid Disorders in Patients With Diabetes
Hypertriglyceridemia and Risk for CHD
Association of Small, Dense LDL With Insulin Resistance
Frequent Causes of Secondary Hypertriglyceridemia
Association of MI With the Metabolic Syndrome and Individual Components
Association of Stroke With the Metabolic Syndrome and Individual Components
Metabolic Syndrome and Mortality From CVD, CHD
Metabolic Syndrome and 10-Year CVD Risk
Mortality Rates for Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients With and Without Diabetes
Women, Diabetes, and CHD
Potential Mechanisms of Atherogenesis in Diabetes
Clinical Trial Findings: The Statins
Effect of Atorvastatin on Biomarkers in Patients With MetSyn: Study Design
Effect of Atorvastatin on hs-CRP in Patients with MetSyn
PROactive 10 Substudy: Time to First Event from MACE Endpointa
PROactive 10 Substudy: Time to CV Death, Nonfatal MIa, Nonfatal Stroke
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With Diabetes
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With CVD
Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Eye: Substudy of ACCORD
ACCORD Eye: Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy By Treatment Group at Year 4
ACCORD Eye: Moderate Vision Loss By Treatment Group at Year 4
Liraglutide Vs Sigagliptin for Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Metformin: Design
Liraglutide Vs Sigagliptin for Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Metformin: A1C Reduction
CANOE: Low-Dose Combination Therapy With Rosiglitazone Plus Metformin for Diabetes Prevention
CANOE: Development of New-Onset Diabetes With Low-Dose Combination Therapy Vs Placebo
LOADD: Primary Endpoint—Difference in A1C at 6 Months
ADA/AHA/ACC: Recommendations for Use of Aspirin for Primary Prevention of CV Events in People With Diabetes
Impact of Higher Heart Rate on Development of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors After 20 Years
RECORD: Bone Fracture Rates in Upper and Distal Lower Limbs
RECORD: Conclusion
CVD Mortality Risk Rate Among Men With MetSyn and Diabetes, Alone and in Combination
Hazard Ratios of CVD Mortality Among Men with MetSyn and Diabetes, Alone and in Combination
ADA Nutrition Strategies, Interventions for Improved Metabolic Control
AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: Diabetes Prevalence
AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: Diabetes Mortality
Association Between New-Onset Diabetes and Antihypertensive Therapy
Patients With Hypertension
AFCAPS/TexCAPS: Primary End Point Event Rates Within Demographic and Risk Factor Subgroups
ALLHAT-LLT: All-Cause Mortality
ALLHAT-LLT: Comparison to Other Large, Long-Term Statin Trials
ASCOT–LLA: Study Design
ASCOT-LLA: Primary End Point
ASCOT-LLA: Primary End Point in Subgroups
ASCOT-LLA: Effect of Atorvastatin vs Placebo on CV and Coronary End Points
CARE: Reduction of Coronary Events in Patients With Diabetes
ACCORD BP: Effects of Intensive BP_Control on Type 2 Diabetes
JNC 7: Classification and Management of Blood Pressure for Adults
TROPHY: Analysis of New-Onset Hypertension
UKPDS: Tight Blood Pressure Control vs Less Tight Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
BP and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in African Americans and Whites: Design
BP and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in African Americans and Whites: Results
Treatment Options for Peripheral Arterial Disease
Treatment Options for Peripheral Arterial Disease (cont)
JNC 7: Treatment Algorithm for Hypertension
HF Rates in Hypersensitive Blacks and Non-Blacks: ALLHAT
Safety and Tolerability of Monotherapy, Combination BP Therapy
ASCOT-LLA: Incidence for Total CVD Events/Procedures in Patients With Diabetes
Effect of Monotherapy, Combination Therapy on Blood Pressures
Adjusted Hazard Ratios for First Cardiovascular Event based on CRP, BP
Renin-Angiotensin Blockade: Beyond BP Lowering
Lifestyle Modification: Effect on CVD Risk Factors (DPP)
CVD Event-Free Survival Based on CRP, BP Levels
Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Eye: Substudy of ACCORD
ACCORD Eye: Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy By Treatment Group at Year 4
ACCORD Eye: Moderate Vision Loss By Treatment Group at Year 4
Impact of Higher Heart Rate on Development of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors After 20 Years
Urinary Sodium Excretion and Health Outcomes: Design
Urinary Sodium Excretion and Health Outcomes: CV Results
Urinary Sodium Excretion and Health Outcomes: Hypertension, BP Results
Effect of Dietary and Lifestyle Factors on Hypertension Among Women: Design
Association Between New-Onset Diabetes and Antihypertensive Therapy
Effect of Dietary and Lifestyle Factors on Hypertension Among Women: Results
Women
AFCAPS/TexCAPS: Effects of LDL C Lowering in Patients With Average Cholesterol Levels
4S: Effect of LDL-C Lowering on Coronary Events in Secondary Prevention Trial in Men and Women
4S: Lipid Lowering Reduces CHD Event Rates in >65-Year Old Subjects
EPAT: Baseline Characteristics of Evaluable Patients
EPAT: Progression of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness (IMT)
Abnormal Lipid Levels in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
LRC Follow-up Study: CVD Mortality by Non-HDL-C and LDL-C in Women
LIPID: Effect of Lipid Lowering on Lipid Values and Coronary Events in CHD Patients With Average Cholesterol
LIPID: Reduction in Nonfatal MI and CHD Death Risk Stratified by Sex
HERS: Combined HRT Does Not Decrease All-Cause Mortality
HERS: Primary CHD Events
HERS: HDL-C Distribution in a Cohort With CHD
HERS, HERS II: Relative Hazard of CHD Events
HERS: Risk of Cerebrovascular Disease Events
NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study: CHD Incidence and Survival in African American Men and Women
Prevalence of Overweight in US Women: NHANES 1999-2000
Prevalence of Obesity in US Women: NHANES 1999-2000
Post-CABG: Aggressive LDL-C Lowering Delays Progression of Atherosclerosis in Women, Elderly, and Patients With Selected CHD Risk Factors
NHANES III: Age-Specific Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome
Impact of Estrogen and Progestin on Cholesterol Concentrations
HRT Effects on C-Reactive Protein Levels: PEPI Trial Subgroup
MORE: Cardiovascular Events at 4-Year Follow-up
SHEEP: Risk Factors for Nonfatal MI in Men and Women
WISE: Prevalence of Angiographic CAD Based on BMI, Metabolic Status
WHI trial of Estrogen, Progestin Ended
Outcomes in WHI Trial of Estrogen, Progestin
WHI: CHD, Stroke Outcomes in Estrogen-Alone Arm
The Strong Heart Study: Differences in CVD Risk Factors by Diabetic Status in Men and Women
WISE Study: Review of Ischemic Heart Disease in Women
Characteristics of LDL Phenotype B
ATP III: Features Shared With ATP II
ATP III: Special Populations—Women, Middle-Aged Men
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Assessing CHD Risk in Women
ATP III Framingham Risk Scoring–Step 7: CHD Risk for Women
AHA Evidence-Based Guidelines for CVD Prevention in Women
Statin Advisory: Risk Factors for Statin-Associated Myopathy
Effects of Three Treatments on CRP
Effects of HRT and Simvastatin Compared in Hypercholesterolemic Postmenopausal Women
HRT Effects on C-Reactive Protein Levels
Raloxifene: Effects on Lipids in Postmenopausal Women
Women, Diabetes, and CHD
Adjusted Hazard Ratios for First Cardiovascular Event based on CRP, BP
Leading Causes of Death for US Females, 2001
CVD Mortality Trends for US Males and Females
ATP III: Special Populations—Older Adults, Younger Adults
ATP III vs ATP II: Increases in Treatment-Eligible Primary-Prevention Patients
Adjusted Relative Risk for First Cardiovascular Event Based on CRP, LDL-C
Event-Free Survival With CRP, LDL-C Levels Above or Below the Median
CVD Event-Free Survival Based on CRP, BP Levels
Awareness and Preventive Action for Cardiovascular Health in Women
Statin Trials: Therapy Reduces Major Coronary Events in Women
Overall Risk Reduction for Major Coronary Events by Sex: A Meta-Analysis
Clinical Trial Findings: The Statins
Impact of Atorvastatin on Lipids in Postmenopausal Women
CHD in the United States
Women’s Health Study: Design
Women’s Health Study: Association of Fasting and Nonfasting Lipids With CVD
Defining Normal Distributions of CAC Framingham Cohorts
Excess Weight and CHD Risk Among Men Vs Women
Effect of Dietary and Lifestyle Factors on Hypertension Among Women: Design
Effect of Dietary and Lifestyle Factors on Hypertension Among Women: Results
JUPITER Statin Use for Primary Prevention of CVD Events in Women
Meta-Analysis: Statin Use for Primary Prevention of CVD Events in Women
Younger/Older Patients
4S: Lipid Lowering Reduces CHD Event Rates in >65-Year Old Subjects
4S: Impact of Drug Therapy on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Older Adults With Hypercholesterolemia
4S: Reduction in Coronary Events and Revascularizations in Older Adults With Established CHD
4S: Survival of Major Coronary Events in Older Adults
CARE: Impact of Drug Therapy on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Older Patients With MI
CARE: Reduction in Coronary Events, Revascularizations, and Stroke in Older Adults With MI and Average Cholesterol Levels
CARE: Incidence of Coronary Events in Younger Versus Older Patients
ASCOT-LLA: Primary End Point in Subgroups
LIPID: Reduction in Nonfatal MI and CHD Death Risk Stratified by Sex
LIPID: Reduction in nonfatal MI and CHD Death Risk Stratified by Prerandomization Age
PDAY: Percentage of Right Coronary Artery Intimal Surface Affected With Early Atherosclerosis
PDAY: Prevalence of lesions in LAD
PDAY: Prevalence of Risk Factors
PDAY: Prevalence of Lesions by Smoking and Non-HDL-C Status
Age-Adjusted Total Cholesterol Levels in NHANES III vs NHANES 1999-2000
Post-CABG: Aggressive LDL-C Lowering Delays Progression of Atherosclerosis in Women, Elderly, and Patients With Selected CHD Risk Factors
PROSPER: Primary Composite End Point Results CHD Death, Nonfatal MI, Fatal or Nonfatal Stroke
NHANES III: Age-Specific Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome
WESDR: Hyperglycemia and the Risk for Vascular Complications in Older-Onset Diabetes
WESDR: Hyperglycemia and the Risk for Cause-Specific CVD Mortality
Composite CIMT With Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults
ATP III: Features Shared With ATP II
ATP III: Special Populations—Women, Middle-Aged Men
Eligible Primary-Prevention Patients by Age and Treatment Scenario (ATP III vs ATP II)
Statin Advisory: Risk Factors for Statin-Associated Myopathy
ATP III vs ATP II: Increases in Treatment-Eligible Primary-Prevention Patients
Overall Risk Reduction for Major Coronary Events by Sex: A Meta-Analysis
Clinical Trial Findings: The Statins
CHD in the United States
Elevated TC Effects on Risk of CHD Death in Younger Men: A Meta-Analysis
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With Diabetes
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With CVD
NHANES Extrapolation: Population Meeting JUPITER Study Eligibility
Population Estimatesa at ATP III Risk Categories with CRP ≥2 mg/L
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With CVD
PROSPER: Association of Leptin With Diabetes
Multiethnic Patients
NOMAS: Study Design
NOMAS: Event-Free Curves Based on MetSyn and Endothelial Dysfunction
SANDS: Study Design
SANDS: Change in CIMT with Aggressive vs Standard Therapy
MESA: Study Design
MESA: CVD and CHD Risk by CIMT or CAC Score
BP and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in African Americans and Whites: Design
BP and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in African Americans and Whites: Results
Trends in CHD Risk Among Adults With Diabetes: Design
Trends in CHD Risk Among Adults With Diabetes: Results

ADA Criteria for Testing for Diabetes in Asymptomatic Adults
ADA Guidelines for Foot Care in Patients With Diabetes
ADA Guidelines for Foot Care in Patients With Diabetes (cont)
ADA Guidelines for Retinopathy Management in Diabetes
ADA Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: Screening and Treatment
ADA Guidelines for Treatment of Older Adults With Diabetes
ADA Nutrition Strategies for Weight Loss
ADA Recommendations for Medical Nutrition Therapy
ADA Recommendations for Primary Prevention of Diabetes With Medical Nutrition Therapy
ADA Recommendations for Aspirin Therapy in Diabetes
ADA Recommendations for Diabetes Care in the Hospital
ADA Recommendations for Diabetes Care in the Hospital (cont)
ADA Recommendations for Smoking Cessation in Diabetes
ADA Treatment Recommendations for Nephropathy
ADA: Goals for Glycemic, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Control
ADA: Physical Activity/Exercise Recommendations for Patients With Diabetes
ADA Recommendations on Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Diabetes
ADA Recommendations for Immunization in Patients With Diabetes
ADA Guidelines: Correlation of A1C With Average Glucose
ADA Recommendations for Neuropathy Screening and Treatment
ADA: Categories of Increased Risk for Diabetes (Prediabetes)
ADA Recommendations for Detection and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
ADA Guidelines: Common Comorbidities Associated With Diabetes
ADA Guidelines: A1C Recommendations
ADA Guidelines: Glycemic Recommendations for Nonpregnant Adults With Diabetes
ADA Guidelines: Recommendations for Type 2 Diabetes Therapy
ADA Guidelines: Recommendations for Hypoglycemia
ADA Guidelines: Recommendations for Prevention/Delay of Type 2 Diabetes
ADA Guidelines: Recommendations for Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME)
ADA Guidelines: Noninsulin Therapies for Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes (1 of 2)
ADA Guidelines: Noninsulin Therapies for Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes (2 of 2)
Look AHEAD: Design
Look AHEAD: Interventions
Look AHEAD: Change in Body Weight Across BMI Groups
Look AHEAD: Change in Fitness Levels Across BMI Groups
Look AHEAD: Additional Results
Effect of Liraglutide on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Design
Effect of Liraglutide on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Results
Effects of Liraglutide and Insulin on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Liraglutide Effect on Cardiovascular Disease: Results Among Patients Switched from Exenatide
San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study: Design
San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study: Results
BP and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in African Americans and Whites: Design
BP and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in African Americans and Whites: Results
Trends in CHD Risk Among Adults With Diabetes: Design
Trends in CHD Risk Among Adults With Diabetes: Results
Urinary Sodium Excretion and Health Outcomes: Design
Urinary Sodium Excretion and Health Outcomes: CV Results
Urinary Sodium Excretion and Health Outcomes: Hypertension, BP Results

Atherogenic Dyslipidemia

Didactic
Residual Cardiovascular Risk in Major Statin Trials
TGs and CHD Risk: Meta-Analysis of 29 Studies in Western Populations
Association of TG Levels and Incident CVD According to Fasting Status
Risk for MI, IHD, and Total Death by Nonfasting TG Increases
TG Level Remains A CVD Risk Factor Among Statin-Treated Patients
Non–HDL-C and CVD Risk
CHD Risk: HDL-C Versus LDL-C as Predictor
Statin Therapy Does Not Eliminate CVD Risk Associated With Low HDL-C
Underestimation of Number of LDL Particles With Increased Small LDL
TRIMS: Increased LDL Particle Size With Fenofibrate in HyperTG Patients Is Associated With End-of-Treatment TG
Look AHEAD: Improvement in Metabolic Syndrome Components at 1 Year
Pharmacologic Options for Managing Atherogenic Dyslipidemia
Coronary Drug Project: Niacin Effects on CVD, Mortality
HHS: Primary Prevention With Gemfibrozil
VA-HIT: Effect of Gemfibrozil on Primary Endpoint, Lipids
VA-HIT: LDL, HDL Particle Numbers Are Significant, Independent Predictors of New CHD Events
MI Prevention With Bezafibrate in Metabolic Syndrome
FIELD: End of Study Lipid Results
FIELD: Primary and Secondary Endpoints
Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters: Secondary-Prevention Studies
GISSI-Prevenzione: Time Course of Clinical Events
Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters: Lipid Effects in Patients with TG>500 mg/dL
Pharmacologic Options for Managing Atherogenic Dyslipidemia
SAFARI: Combination Therapy in Patients With Combined Hyperlipidemia
SAFARI: Effects on LDL Particle Subclasses
Atorvastatin and Fenofibrate Alone or in Combination in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Statin-Fibrate Combination Therapy: Pharmacokinetic Interactions
Lovastatin ± Niacin: Lipid Effects
HATS: Angiographic and Clinical Endpoints After 3 Years
ARBITER 2: Statin-Placebo Versus Statin-Niacin (1 of 2)
ARBITER 2: Statin-Placebo Versus Statin-Niacin (2 of 2)
Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters in Combination With Atorvastatin
Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters and Simvastatin in Patients With Combined Hyperlipidemia
COMBOS: Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters and Simvastatin in Patients with High TGs
JELIS: Incidence of Coronary Events
ATP III: Management of Elevated TG
Conclusions
Case Study
Patient Presentation
Initial Lab Values
What the Evidence Says
Treatment Recommendation
3-Month Follow-Up
Treatment Considerations
2-Month Follow-up
What the Evidence Says
What the Evidence Says (cont’d)
Treatment Recommendation
What the Evidence Says
Treatment Recommendation
What the Evidence Says
AHA Scientific Statement on Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters Intake
Conclusion


Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment
San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study: Design
San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study: Results
SANDS: Study Design
SANDS: Change in CIMT with Aggressive vs Standard Therapy
MESA: Study Design
MESA: CVD and CHD Risk by CIMT or CAC Score
JELIS: Effects of EPA on Major Coronary Events in Subjects With High TG/Low HDL-C
PREDICT: Study Design
PREDICT: Primary Endpoint Event Rates in Successive Categories of CAC Score
BP and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in African Americans and Whites: Design
BP and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in African Americans and Whites: Results
Trends in CHD Risk Among Adults With Diabetes: Design
Trends in CHD Risk Among Adults With Diabetes: Results
Prediction of CV Events and Mortality Using ABI and FRS
Effect of Inclusion of ABI on 10-Year Cardiovascular Mortality
Association of Subclinical Atherosclerosis With FRS
Relation of Subclinical Atherosclerosis With Family History of Premature CAD
Average Carotid Wall Thicknessa in First-Degree Relatives Vs Controlsb
Overview: Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2)
Consensus Recommendations for Lp-PLA2 Testing
Women’s Health Study: Design
Defining Normal Distributions of CAC Framingham Cohorts
Defining Normal Distributions of CAC: Participant Characteristics
CVD Event Prediction Among Subjects With Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Low HDL-C
CVD Event Prediction Among Subjects With Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Low HDL-C: 5-Year Follow-Up
Relationship of Elevated LDL-C and Systolic BP With CAC
Prevalence of CAC Based on LDL-C Tertilesa Across SBP Levels
Use of CRP to Assess CVD Risk Across Age Groups: Study Design
Use of CRP to Assess CVD Risk Across Age Groups: Results
Excess Weight and CHD Risk Among Men Vs Women
Prediction of CV Events Using Various Biomarkersa
Impact of Hyperglycemia on CVD Risk: Design
Impact of Hyperglycemia on CVD Risk: Results–Relative Risk of CVD
Impact of Hyperglycemia on CVD Risk: Results–Risk of CVD by A1C
Impact of Hyperglycemia on CVD Risk: Results–Absolute Risk of CVD
Metabolic Syndrome and CV Risk: Meta-Analysis
SEARCH: Design
SEARCH: Rate of Major Vascular Events
SEARCH: Additional Outcomes
Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Weight Loss, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Results
SU.FOL.OM-3: Effects of B Vitamins and Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on CVD—Design
Effects of B Vitamins and Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on CVD: Primary Endpoint
Meta-analysis: Efficacy and Safety of Intensive LDL Lowering
Meta-analysis: Efficacy and Safety of Intensive LDL Lowering—Findings
Urinary Sodium Excretion and Health Outcomes: Design
Urinary Sodium Excretion and Health Outcomes: CV Results
Urinary Sodium Excretion and Health Outcomes: Hypertension, BP Results
Systematic Review of CV Risk With NSAID Use: Design
Review of CV Risk with NSAID Use: Results

San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study: Design
San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study: Results
BP and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in African Americans and Whites: Design
BP and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in African Americans and Whites: Results
Trends in CHD Risk Among Adults With Diabetes: Design
Trends in CHD Risk Among Adults With Diabetes: Results
Impact of Hyperglycemia on CVD Risk: Design
Impact of Hyperglycemia on CVD Risk: Results–Relative Risk of CVD
Impact of Hyperglycemia on CVD Risk: Results–Risk of CVD by A1C
Impact of Hyperglycemia on CVD Risk: Results–Absolute Risk of CVD
Metabolic Syndrome and CV Risk: Meta-Analysis
SEARCH: Design
SEARCH: Rate of Major Vascular Events
SEARCH: Additional Outcomes
Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Weight Loss, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Results
SU.FOL.OM-3: Effects of B Vitamins and Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on CVD—Design
Effects of B Vitamins and Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on CVD: Primary Endpoint
Meta-analysis: Efficacy and Safety of Intensive LDL Lowering
Meta-analysis: Efficacy and Safety of Intensive LDL Lowering—Findings
Urinary Sodium Excretion and Health Outcomes: Design
Urinary Sodium Excretion and Health Outcomes: CV Results
Urinary Sodium Excretion and Health Outcomes: Hypertension, BP Results
Systematic Review of CV Risk With NSAID Use: Design
Review of CV Risk with NSAID Use: Results