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Overviews
Selective Hemapheresis, an Effective New Approach in the Therapeutic Management of Disorders Associated With Rheological Impairment: Mode of Action and Possible Clinical Indications
Schuff-Werner P, Holdt B.
Artif Organs. 2002;26:117-123.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis and Other Potential Uses
Moriarty PM, Gibson CA.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2001;3:156-162.
Incorporation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis into the Treatment Program of Patients With Severe Hypercholesterolemia
Gordon BR.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2000;2:308-313.
Safety and Effectiveness of Long-Term LDL-Apheresis in Patients at High Risk
Thiery J, Seidel D.
Curr Opinion Lipidol. 1998;9:521-526.
Abstracts
Heparin-Mediated Extracorporeal Low-Density Lipoprotein Precipitation: Rationale for a Specific Adjuvant Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease
Blessing F, Wang Y, Walli AK, Seidel D.
Transfus Apheresis Sci. 2004;30:255-266.
LDL-apheresis in hypercholesterolemic patients is the most promising and safest therapy when compared with various radical measures, including liver transplantation. The authors review the heparin-induced method as a valuable therapeutic tool for the treatment and prevention of early graft occlusion after CABG, sudden hearing loss, stroke, and preeclampsia.
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The HELP System for the Treatment of Atherothrombotic Disorders: A Review
Jaeger BR.
Ther Apher Dial. 2003;7:391-396.
This review underscores recent developments in chronic and single application of apheresis in cardiology with specific emphasis on potential applications, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and following coronary artery bypass grafting.
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Heparin-Induced Extracorporeal Low-Density Lipoprotein Precipitation
Mellwig KP.
Ther Apher Dial. 2003;7:365-369.
The heparin-induced method of LDL-apheresis improved coronary vasodilatation capacity within 24 hours, producing significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and fibrinogen.
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Selective Hemapheresis, an Effective New Approach in the Therapeutic Management of Disorders Associated With Rheological Impairment: Mode of Action and Possible Clinical Indications
Schuff-Werner P, Holdt B.
Artif Organs. 2002;26:117-123.
In this comprehensive review, the rheological effects of a single LDL-apheresis treatment using different devices are compared. The selectivity of the extracorporeal methods yield different effects on the rheologically relevant plasma proteins; thus, their rheological effectiveness substantially differs. Cited studies recognize the effectiveness of the extracorporeal methods in treating various diseases, among them, sudden hearing loss and cerebrovascular conditions.
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The Role of LDL Apheresis in Lipid Lowering Therapy for Hyperlipidemic Patients
Lane DM, Bricker LA, Schuff-Werner P.
Current Opinion in Cardiovascular, Pulmonary & Renal Investigational Drugs. 2000;2:216-222.
This review determines that the addition of LDL-apheresis to lipid-lowering drug therapy in hyperlipidemic patients can reduce pretreatment levels and produce lower between-treatment levels of LDL cholesterol than lipid-lowering drug therapy alone.
Full abstract not available.
Heparin-Mediated Extracorporeal LDL/Fibrinogen Precipitation—HELP—in Coronary and Cerebral Ischemia
Jaeger BR, Marx P, Pfefferkorn T, Hamann G, Seidel D.
Acta Neurochir Suppl. 1999;73:81-84.
LDL-apheresis using the heparin-induced method is beneficial in the prevention and therapy of myocardial infarction. This method is now studied in patients with cerebral infarction. The heparin-induced method was found to be safe in patients with coronary heart disease and allows controlled reduction of thrombogenic plasma compounds.
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Aggressive Lowering of Fibrinogen and Cholesterol in the Prevention of Graft Vessel Disease After Heart Transplantation
Jaeger BR, Meiser B, Nagel D, et al.
Circulation. 1997;96(suppl 9):II-157-II-158.
Combination therapy with statins and LDL-apheresis via the heparin-induced method is given to heart transplant patients to determine whether drastic lowering of fibrinogen, LDL-C, and Lp(a) prevent graft vessel disease (GVD). Results demonstrate that combined treatment prevents GVD in 9 of 10 patients.
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Fibrinogen Lowering by Apheresis: Efficiency of Different Methods and Possible Clinical Implications
Schuff-Werner P, Schütz E, Beyer H-J.
Jpn J Apheresis. 1997;16:317-318.
Five LDL-/fibrinogen-apheresis systems are compared based on their effects on rheologically relevant plasma proteins, particularly on fibrinogen, and the resulting rheological improvement. Plasma exchange, double filtration, and LDL-apheresis via the heparin-induced method are the most effective fibrinogen-lowering apheresis procedures.
Full abstract not available.
Heparin-Induced Extracorporeal Fibrinogen/LDL Precipitation (HELP): A Promising Regimen for the Treatment of Vascular Diseases
Walzl M, Walzl B, Haas A.
Angiology. 1997;48:1031-1036.
Risk factors, such as elevated fibrinogen levels and lipoproteins, contribute to the development of atherosclerotic disease and to the deterioration of the hemorrheological, which reduces perfusion. LDL-apheresis therapy via the heparin-induced method ensures a safe and quick return of risk factors, yielding substantial improvement of the microcirculation.
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HELP for the Treatment of Different Atherosclerotic Diseases
Walzl M, Walzl B, and the HELP Study Group.
Jpn J Apheresis. 1997;16:237-238.
The authors review various diseases in which LDL-apheresis therapy via the heparin-induced method may be applied, including cerebrovascular disease and ocular microcirculatory disorders.
Full abstract not available.
Additional Citations
Increased Cerebral Perfusion Following Reduction of Fibrinogen and Lipid Fractions
Walzl B, Walzl M, Valetitsch H, Lechner H.
Haemostasis. 1995;25:137-143.
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Heparin-Induced Extracorporeal Low-Density-Lipoprotein Precipitation (HELP)
Lechner H, Walzl M, Walzl B, Kleinert G, Friedl W.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 1994;4:S70-S73.
Full abstract not available.
Extracorporeal Fibrinogen and Platelet Precipitation as a New Haemorheological Treatment for Acute Stroke
Walzl B, Walzl M, Lechner H.
J Neurol Sci. 1994;126:25-29.
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The Position of Heparin-Induced LDL Precipitation (HELP) in Haemorheological Research in Cerebrovascular Disease
Lechner H, Walzl M, Walzl B.
Clin Hemorheol. 1993;13:637-639.
Full abstract not available.
First Experience in Application of Heparin-Induced Extracorporeal LDL Precipitation (HELP) in Acute Thromboembolic Stroke
Lechner H, Walzl M, Walzl B, Kleinert G.
Ital J Neurol Sci. 1993;14:251-255.
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Improved Neurological Recovery of Cerebral Infarctions After Plasmapheretic Reduction of Lipids and Fibrinogen
Walzl M, Lechner H, Walzl B, Schied G.
Stroke. 1993;24:1447-1451.
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HELP—A Possibility to Change the Hemorheologic Profile in Cerebrovascular Disease
Lechner H, Walzl M, Walzl B, Freidl W.
Clin Hemorheol. 1992;12:705-711.
Full abstract not available.
The Influence of the HELP System in Cerebrovascular Disease, Weighted on Hemorheologic Factors
Lechner H, Walzl M, Walzl B, Kleinert G, Kook T.
Med Biophysics. 1991;2:147-150.
Full abstract not available.
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