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Overviews
Selective Hemapheresis, an Effective New Approach in the Therapeutic Management of Disorders Associated With Rheological Impairment: Mode of Action and Possible Clinical Indications
Schuff-Werner P, Holdt B.
Artif Organs. 2002;26:117-123.
Highly Effective Reduction of C-Reactive Protein in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease by Extracorporeal Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis
Wieland E, Schettler V, Armstrong VW.
Atherosclerosis. 2002;162:187-191.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis and Other Potential Uses
Moriarty PM, Gibson CA.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2001;3:156-162.
Incorporation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis into the Treatment Program of Patients With Severe Hypercholesterolemia
Gordon BR.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2000;2:308-313.
Long-Term Effect of Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis on Plasma Lipoproteins and Coronary Heart Disease in Native Vessels and Coronary Bypass in Severe Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Richter WO, Donner MG, Höfling B, Schwandt P.
Metabolism. 1998;47:863-868.
HELP Apheresis in the Treatment of Sepsis
Samtleben W, Bengsch S, Boos KS, Seidel D.
Artif Organs. 1998;22:43-46.
Abstracts
Activity of Thrombocytes as a Marker of Sufficient Intensity of LDL-Apheresis in Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Blaha M, Pecka M, Urbankova J, et al.
Transfus Apheresis Sci. 2004;30:83-87.
The use of extracorporal elimination for selective removal of LDL-C in severe familial hypercholesterolemia is the treatment of choice. Still, there are no suitable markers for selective elimination of LDL-C, which would reliably determine the therapy intensity immediately after the procedure. A report states that platelet aggregability may be a marker, but this was unsuccessfully tested. As a result, the methods were modified and changes were determined.
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The Efficacy and Safety of the New Heparin-Induced Extracorporeal Low-Density Lipoprotein Precipitation System (Plasmat Futura) in Comparison With the Currently Used System (Plasmat Secura)
Blessing F, Wang Y, Nagel D, Seidel D.
Ther Apher Dial. 2004;8:33-38.
This study examined whether the heparin-induced apheresis system, Plasmat Futura, was comparable to the Plasmat Secura system in efficiently removing atherogenic components, among other criteria, including clinical safety. Results demonstrate that the Plasmat Futura system is easy to use, displays no adverse events, and is comparable to Plasmat Secura in its ability to remove proatherogenic plasma factors.
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Heparin-Mediated Extracorporeal Low-Density Lipoprotein Precipitation: Rationale for a Specific Adjuvant Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease
Blessing F, Wang Y, Walli AK, Seidel D.
Transfus Apheresis Sci. 2004;30:255-266.
LDL-apheresis in hypercholesterolemic patients is the most promising and safest therapy when compared with various radical measures, including liver transplantation. The authors review the heparin-induced method as a valuable therapeutic tool for the treatment and prevention of early graft occlusion after CABG, sudden hearing loss, stroke, and preeclampsia.
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State of the Art of Low-density Lipoprotein Apheresis in the Year 2003
Bosch T, Wendler T.
Ther Apher Dial. 2004;8:76-79.
LDL-apheresis is a last resort treatment for hypercholesterolemic patients resistant to conservative lipid-lowering therapy. In the extracorporeal circuit, LDL, Lp(a) and coagulation factors are selectively eliminated, while the beneficial proteins like HDL, albumin, and immunoglobulins are returned to the patient. Recent studies indicate a positive effect of LDL-apheresis on CHD, carotid artery stenoses, and peripheral vascular disease.
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Heparin-Induced Extracorporeal Low-Density Lipoprotein Precipitation
Mellwig KP.
Ther Apher Dial. 2003;7:365-369.
The heparin-induced method of LDL-apheresis improved coronary vasodilatation capacity within 24 hours, producing significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and fibrinogen.
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The Effects of Three Different LDL-Apheresis Methods on the Plasma Concentrations of E-Selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1
Empen K, Otto C, Brodl UC, Parhofer KG.
J Clin Apheresis. 2002;17:38-43.
In this comparison of three common LDL-apheresis techniques—direct absorption, dextran sulfate adsorption, and heparin precipitation—the authors found the techniques to lower concentrations of the adhesion molecules E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1.
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Selective Hemapheresis, an Effective New Approach in the Therapeutic Management of Disorders Associated With Rheological Impairment: Mode of Action and Possible Clinical Indications
Schuff-Werner P, Holdt B.
Artific Organs. 2002;26:117-123.
In this comprehensive review, the rheological effects of a single LDL-apheresis treatment using different devices are compared. The selectivity of the extracorporeal methods yield different effects on the rheologically relevant plasma proteins; thus, their rheological effectiveness substantially differs. Cited studies recognize the effectiveness of the extracorporeal methods in treating various diseases, among them, sudden hearing loss and cerebrovascular conditions.
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Evidence for Maximal Treatment of Atherosclerosis: Drastic Reduction of Cholesterol and Fibrinogen Restores Vascular Homeostasis
Jaeger BR.
Ther Apher. 2001;5:207-211.
This article summarized the clinical and biochemical evidence for maximal treatment of atherosclerosis by a simultaneous 60% to 70% reduction of plasma LDL cholesterol, fibrinogen, and lipoprotein a (LPa) concentrations with statins and LDL-apheresis using the heparin-induced method. Potential future applications are also discussed.
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Consistent Lowering of Clotting Factors for the Treatment of Acute Cardiovascular Syndromes and Hypercoagulability: A Different Pathophysiological Approach
Jaeger BR, Goehring P, Schirmer J, et al.
Ther Apher. 2001;5:252-259.
The use of the heparin-induced method of LDL-apheresis in patients with acute cardiovascular syndromes makes a controlled, immediately effective reduction of clotting factors possible and induces subsequent positive effects on plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, and microcirculation.
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Using Both “Relative Risk Reduction” and “Number Needed to Treat” in Evaluating Primary and Secondary Clinical Trials of Lipid Reduction
Moriarty PM.
Am J Cardiol. 2001;87:1206-1208.
The formulas for calculating relative risk reduction (RRR) and number of patients that must be treated (NNT) reveals how RRR can formulate dissimilar data into producing identical evidence, whereas NNT illustrates the true effectiveness of treatment.
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Lipid Reductions by Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis: A Comparison of Three Systems
Jovin IS, Taborski U, Stehr A, Müller-Berghaus G.
Metabolism. 2000;49:1431-1433.
The three commercially available systems for LDL-apheresis are compared based on methods and efficacy. Among the three systems, immunoadsorption caused the greatest percent reduction in LDL-C, while the heparin-induced method most efficiently eliminated LDL-C from the plasma.
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The Role of LDL Apheresis in Lipid Lowering Therapy for Hyperlipidemic Patients
Lane DM, Bricker LA, Schuff-Werner P.
Current Opinion in Cardiovascular, Pulmonary & Renal Investigational Drugs.
2000;2:216-222.
This review determines that the addition of LDL-apheresis to lipid-lowering drug therapy in hyperlipidemic patients can reduce pretreatment levels and produce lower between-treatment levels of LDL cholesterol than lipid-lowering drug therapy alone.
Full abstract not available.
Clinical Utility of LDL-Apheresis in the Treatment of Sudden Hearing Loss: A Prospective, Randomized Study
Suckfüll M, Thiery J, Schorn K, Kastenbauer E, Seidel D.
Acta Otolaryngol . 1999;119:763-766.
This study sought to assess the effect of LDL-apheresis via the heparin-induced method in removing LDL-cholesterol, fibrinogen, and lipoprotein (a) from the plasma in patients with sudden hearing loss. Compared with standard therapy, the heparin-induced method significantly reduced LDL-cholesterol, fibrinogen, and lipoprotein (a).
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LDL Hemoperfusion—A New Procedure for LDL Apheresis: Biocompatibility Results from a First Pilot Study in Hypercholesterolemic Atherosclerosis Patients
Bosch T, Schmidt B, Kleophas W, Otto V, Samtleben W.
Artif Organs. 1997;21:1060-1065.
A new lipid absorber technology absorbs LDL and lipoprotein (a) directly from the whole blood. Within the scope of a first pilot study, this new procedure combined the features of excellent clinical tolerance, good biocompatibility, and ease of handling.
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Fibrinogen Lowering by Apheresis: Efficiency of Different Methods and Possible Clinical Implications
Schuff-Werner P, Schütz E, Beyer H-J.
Jpn J Apheresis. 1997;16:317-318.
Five LDL-/fibrinogen-apheresis systems are compared based on their effects on rheologically relevant plasma proteins, particularly on fibrinogen, and the resulting rheological improvement. Plasma exchange, double filtration, and LDL-apheresis via the heparin-induced method are the most effective fibrinogen-lowering apheresis procedures.
Full abstract not available.
Peripheral Vasoactivity in Familial Hypercholesterolemic Subjects Treated With Heparin-Induced Extracorporeal LDL Precipitation (HELP)
Stadler RW, Ibrahim SF, Lees RS.
Atherosclerosis. 1997;128:241-249.
The effect of LDL-apheresis on vasoactivity is examined in this review, which concludes that therapy via the heparin-induced method improves vasoactivity in patients with severe familial hypercholesterolemia.
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Additional Citations
Long-Term Effect of LDL-Apheresis on Coronary Heart Disease
Richter WO, Donner MG, Schwandt P.
Acta Angiologica. 1996;2:147-151.
Full abstract not available.
HELP Apheresis Therapy in the Treatment of Severe Hypercholesterolemia: 10 Years of Clinical Experience
Seidel D.
Artif Organs. 1996;20:303-310.
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Efficacy of Lipid Apheresis: Definitions and Influencing Factors
Bosch T, Seidel D, Gurland HJ.
Int J Artif Organs. 1995;18:210-215.
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In Vitro and In Vivo Studies With Different Precipitate Filter Cartridges for HELP-LDL-Apheresis: Optimization of Precipitate Filter Cartridges
Morsch G, Maywald F, Wanner C.
Bioseparation. 1995;5:11-18.
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Lack of Plasma Lipid Peroxidation During LDL-Apheresis by Heparin-Induced Extracorporeal LDL-Precipitation
Wieland E, Schettler V, Creutzfeldt C, Kickbusch H, Schuff-Werner P.
Eur J Clin Invest. 1995;25:838-842.
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Advances in LDL-Apheresis for the Treatment of Severe Hypercholesterolemia
Gordon BR, Saal SD.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 1994;5:69-73.
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Assessment of Currently Available Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis Systems
Matsuda Y, Malchesky PS, Nose Y.
Artif Organs. 1994;18:93-99.
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Lipid Apheresis by Hemoperfusion: In Vitro Efficacy and Ex Vivo Biocompatibility of a New Low-Density Lipoprotein Adsorber Compatible With Human Whole Blood
Bosch T, Schmidt B, Blumenstein M, Gurland HJ.
Artif Organs . 1993;17:640-652.
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LDL Apheresis in the Treatment of Severe Hyperlipidemia
Gordon BR.
Primary Cardiol. 1993;19:53-56.
Full abstract not available.
Extracorporeal Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia
Olbricht CJ.
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1993;8:814-820.
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Recent Developments in Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis
Demant T, Seidel D.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 1992;3:43-48.
Full abstract not available.
LDL-Apheresis: Results of Longterm Treatment and Vascular Outcome
Keller C.
Atherosclerosis. 1991;86:1-8.
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Short- and Long-Term Effects of LDL-Apheresis on Lipoprotein (a) Serum Levels
Ritter MM, Sühler K, Richter W, Schwandt P.
Clin Chim Acta. 1990;195:9-16.
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