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Overviews
Case Reports on Emergency Treatment of Cardiovascular Syndromes
Through Heparin-Mediated Low-Density Lipoprotein/Fibrinogen Precipitation: A New
Approach to Augment Cerebral and Myocardial Salvage
Jaeger BR, Kreuzer E, Knez A, et al.
Ther Apher. 2002;6:394-398.
Highly Effective Reduction of C-Reactive Protein in Patients
With Coronary Heart Disease by Extracorporeal Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis
Wieland E, Schettler
V, Armstrong VW.
Atherosclerosis. 2002;162:187-191.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis
and Other Potential Uses
Moriarty PM, Gibson CA.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2001;3:156-162.
HELP Apheresis in the Treatment of Sepsis
Samtleben W, Bengsch S, Boos KS, Seidel D.
Artif Organs. 1998;22:43-46.
Abstracts
The Efficacy and Safety of the New Heparin-Induced
Extracorporeal Low-Density Lipoprotein Precipitation System (Plasmat Futura) in
Comparison With the Currently Used System (Plasmat Secura)
Blessing F, Wang Y, Nagel D, Seidel D.
Ther Apher Dial. 2004;8:33-38.
This study examined whether the heparin-induced apheresis system, Plasmat Futura,
was comparable to the Plasmat Secura system in efficiently removing atherogenic
components, among other criteria, including clinical safety. Results demonstrate
that the Plasmat Futura system is easy to use, displays no adverse events, and is
comparable to Plasmat Secura in its ability to remove proatherogenic plasma factors.
Click for full abstract.
State of the Art of Low-density Lipoprotein Apheresis in the Year 2003
Bosch T, Wendler T.
Ther Apher Dial. 2004;8:76-79.
LDL-apheresis is a last resort treatment for hypercholesterolemic patients resistant
to conservative lipid-lowering therapy. In the extracorporeal circuit, LDL, Lp(a)
and coagulation factors are selectively eliminated, while the beneficial proteins
like HDL, albumin, and immunoglobulins are returned to the patient. Recent studies
indicate a positive effect of LDL-apheresis on CHD, carotid artery stenoses, and
peripheral vascular disease.
Click for full abstract.
The HELP System for the Treatment of Atherothrombotic Disorders: A Review
Jaeger BR.
Ther Apher Dial. 2003;7:391-396.
This review underscores recent developments in chronic and single application of
apheresis in cardiology with specific emphasis on potential applications, including
myocardial infarction, stroke, and following coronary artery bypass grafting.
Click for full abstract.
Heparin-Induced Extracorporeal Low-Density Lipoprotein Precipitation
Mellwig KP.
Ther Apher Dial. 2003;7:365-369.
The heparin-induced method of LDL-apheresis improved coronary vasodilatation capacity
within 24 hours, producing significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and
fibrinogen.
Click for full abstract.
Consistent Lowering of Clotting Factors for the Treatment of Acute Cardiovascular
Syndromes and Hypercoagulability: A Different Pathophysiological Approach
Jaeger BR, Goehring P, Schirmer J, et al.
Ther Apher. 2001;5:252-259.
The use of the heparin-induced method of LDL-apheresis in patients with acute cardiovascular
syndromes makes a controlled, immediately effective reduction of clotting factors
possible and induces subsequent positive effects on plasma viscosity, erythrocyte
aggregation, and microcirculation.
Click for full abstract.
C-Reactive Protein and Other Markers of Inflammation Among Patients Undergoing
HELP LDL Apheresis
Moriarty PM, Gibson CA, Shih J, Matia MS.
Atherosclerosis. 2001;158:495-498.
This trial of familial hypercholesterolemic patients treated with LDL-apheresis
therapy using the heparin-induced method evaluates the short- and long-term effects
on C-reactive protein (CRP). After 6 months of therapy, pretreatment hsCRP showed
an overall mean level decrease of 49%, suggesting that LDL-apheresis rapidly decreases
serum hsCRP levels in the long term.
Click for full abstract.
Heparin-Mediated Extracorporeal LDL/Fibrinogen Precipitation—HELP—in
Coronary and Cerebral Ischemia
Jaeger BR, Marx P, Pfefferkorn T, Hamann G, Seidel D.
Acta Neurochir Suppl. 1999;73:81-84.
LDL-apheresis using the heparin-induced method is beneficial in the prevention and
therapy of myocardial infarction. This method is now studied in patients with cerebral
infarction. The heparin-induced method was found to be safe in patients with coronary
heart disease and allows controlled reduction of thrombogenic plasma compounds.
Click for full abstract.
Coronary Risk Factor Management for the Prevention and Treatment of Graft Vessel
Disease in Heart Transplant Patients
Jaeger BR, Schirmer J, Thiery J, et al.
Ther Apher. 1999;3:214-218.
The authors studied whether heart transplant patients could benefit from a combined
treatment of statins and LDL-apheresis using the heparin-induced method. Results
suggest that early and drastic reduction of the main coronary risk factors may help
to prevent retransplantation in high-risk patients.
Click for full abstract.
Clinical Utility of LDL-Apheresis in the Treatment of Sudden Hearing Loss: A
Prospective, Randomized Study
Suckfüll M, Thiery J, Schorn K, Kastenbauer E, Seidel D.
Acta Otolaryngol. 1999;119:763-766.
This study sought to assess the effect of LDL-apheresis via the heparin-induced
method in removing LDL-cholesterol, fibrinogen, and lipoprotein (a) from the plasma
in patients with sudden hearing loss. Compared with standard therapy, the heparin-induced
method significantly reduced LDL-cholesterol, fibrinogen, and lipoprotein (a).
Click for full abstract.
Relationship Between Plasma Viscosity and the Severity of Coronary Heart Disease
Junker R, Heinrich J, Ulbrich H, et al.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:870-875.
This is the first report on the relationship of plasma viscosity and the severity
of coronary heart disease. A positive relationship was found even after adjusting
groups for age, fibrinogen, and use of diuretics. Differences between patients without
any and with one stenosed vessel, as well as between patients with one and two stenosed
vessels, did not achieve significance.
Click for full abstract.
Status of Treatment of Vascular Dementia
Lechner H.
Neuroepidemiology. 1998;17:10-13.
Further improvement of dementia could be achieved by application of the LDL-apheresis
using the heparin-induced method to enhance the effect of hemorheologically active
drugs. Using the heparin-induced method, LDL, cholesterol, triglycerides, and fibrinogen
can be considerably lowered and may result in clinical improvement or slowing of
the progression of vascular dementia.
Click for full abstract.
Aggressive Lowering of Fibrinogen and Cholesterol in the Prevention of Graft
Vessel Disease After Heart Transplantation
Jaeger BR, Meiser B, Nagel D, et al.
Circulation. 1997;96(suppl 9):II-157-II-158.
Combination therapy with statins and LDL-apheresis via the heparin-induced method
is given to heart transplant patients to determine whether drastic lowering of fibrinogen,
LDL-C, and Lp(a) prevent graft vessel disease (GVD). Results demonstrate that combined
treatment prevents GVD in 9 of 10 patients.
Click for full abstract.
Regression of Transplant Coronary Artery Disease During Chronic Low-Density
Lipoprotein-Apheresis
Park J-W, Merz M, Braun P.
J Heart Lung Transplant. 1997;16:290-297.
In long-term heart transplantation survivors with hyperlipidemia who have development
of a rapid progressive coronary artery disease, LDL-apheresis can encourage disease
regression.
Click for full abstract.
Fibrinogen Lowering by Apheresis: Efficiency of Different Methods and Possible
Clinical Implications
Schuff-Werner P, Schütz E, Beyer H-J.
Jpn J Apheresis. 1997;16:317-318.
Five LDL-/fibrinogen-apheresis systems are compared based on their effects on rheologically
relevant plasma proteins, particularly on fibrinogen, and the resulting rheological
improvement. Plasma exchange, double filtration, and LDL-apheresis via the heparin-induced
method are the most effective fibrinogen-lowering apheresis procedures.
Full abstract not available.
Heparin-Induced Extracorporeal Fibrinogen/LDL Precipitation (HELP): A Promising
Regimen for the Treatment of Vascular Diseases
Walzl M, Walzl B, Haas A.
Angiology. 1997;48:1031-1036.
Risk factors, such as elevated fibrinogen levels and lipoproteins, contribute to
the development of atherosclerotic disease and to the deterioration of the hemorrheological,
which reduces perfusion. LDL-apheresis therapy via the heparin-induced method ensures
a safe and quick return of risk factors, yielding substantial improvement of the
microcirculation.
Click for full abstract.
HELP for the Treatment of Different Atherosclerotic Diseases
Walzl M, Walzl B, and the HELP Study Group.
Jpn J Apheresis. 1997;16:237-238.
The authors review various diseases in which LDL-apheresis therapy via the heparin-induced
method may be applied, including cerebrovascular disease and ocular microcirculatory
disorders.
Full abstract not available.
Additional Citations
Plasmalogen Phospholipids in Plasma Lipoproteins of Normolipidemic Donors and
Patients With Hypercholesterolemia Treated by LDL Apheresis
Brautigam C, Engelmann B, Reiss D, et al.
Atherosclerosis. 1996;119:77-88.
Click for full abstract.
HELP Apheresis Therapy in the Treatment of Severe Hypercholesterolemia: 10 Years
of Clinical Experience
Seidel D.
Artif Organs. 1996;20:303-310.
Click for full abstract.
Efficacy of Lipid Apheresis: Definitions and Influencing Factors
Bosch T, Seidel D, Gurland HJ.
Int J Artif Organs. 1995;18:210-215.
Click for full abstract.
Fast Transmission of Alterations in Plasma Phosphatidylcholine/Sphingomyelin
Ratio and Lyso Phosphatidylcholine Levels into Changes of Red Blood Cell Membrane
Phospholipid Composition After Low Density Lipoprotein Apheresis
Kulschar R, Engelmann B, Brautigam C, Duhm J, Thiery J, Richter WO.
Eur J Clin Invest. 1995;25:258-265.
Click for full abstract.
Changes in Plasma Lipid and Apolipoprotein Levels Between Heparin-Induced Extracorporeal
Low-Density Lipoprotein Precipitation (HELP) Treatments
Lane DM, Alaupovic P, Knight-Gibson C, Dudley VS, Laughlin LO.
Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:1124-1129.
Click for full abstract.
Lack of Plasma Lipid Peroxidation During LDL-Apheresis by Heparin-Induced Extracorporeal
LDL-Precipitation
Wieland E, Schettler V, Creutzfeldt C, Kickbusch H, Schuff-Werner P.
Eur J Clin Invest. 1995;25:838-842.
Click for full abstract.
Heparin Extracorporeal LDL Precipitation (HELP): An Effective Apheresis Procedure
for Lowering Lp(a) Levels.
Armstrong VW, Schuff-Werner P, Eisenhauer T, Helmhold M, Stix M, Seidel
D.
Chem Phys Lipids. 1994;67-68:315-321.
Click for full abstract.
Advances in LDL-Apheresis for the Treatment of Severe Hypercholesterolemia
Gordon BR, Saal SD.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 1994;5:69-73.
Click for full abstract.
Reverse Flux Filtration: A New Mode of Therapy Improving the Efficacy of Heparin-Induced
Extracorporeal LDL Precipitation in Hyperlipidemic Hemodialysis Patients
Bosch T, Samtleben W, Thiery J, Gurland HJ, Seidel D.
Int J Artif Organs. 1993;16:75-85.
Click for full abstract.
Weekly Treatment of Diet/Drug-Resistant Hypercholesterolemia With the Heparin-Induced
Extracorporeal Low-Density Lipoprotein Precipitation (HELP) System by Selective
Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Removal
Lane DM, McConathy WJ, Laughlin LO, et al.
Am J Cardiol. 1993;71:816-822.
Click for full abstract.
Extracorporeal Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia
Olbricht CJ.
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1993;8:814-820.
Click for full abstract.
Effect of Heparin-Induced Extracorporeal Low-Density Lipoprotein Precipitation
and Bezafibrate on Hemorheology and Clinical Symptoms in Cerebral Multiinfarct Disease
Walzl M.
Haemostasis. 1993;23:192-202.
Click for full abstract.
Recent Developments in Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis
Demant T, Seidel D.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 1992;3:43-48.
Full abstract not available.
Apolipoprotein A-I and Apolipoprotein B Containing Lipoprotein Particles
in Coronary Patients Treated With Extracorporal Low Density Lipoprotein Precipitation
(HELP)
Koren E, Armstrong VW, Mueller G, et al.
Atherosclerosis. 1992;95:157-170.
Click for full abstract.
Treatment of Severe Hypercholesterolemia With Heparin-Induced LDL-Apheresis
Richter WO, Jacob B, Ritter MM, Sühler K, Vierneisel K, Schwandt P.
Curr Ther Res. 1992;52:317-329.
Full abstract not available.
Combined LDL Apheresis and Hemodialysis in a Patient With End-Stage Renal Disease
and Accelerated Coronary Atherosclerosis
Grutzmacher P, Vallbracht C, Scheuermann E, Kurz P, Schoeppe W.
ASAIO Trans. 1991;37:M435-M436.
Click for full abstract.
Regression of Carotid Plaques During Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Elimination
Hennerici M, Kleophas W, Gries FA.
Stroke. 1991;22:989-992.
Click for full abstract.
Extracorporeal Plasma Therapy in the Treatment of Severe Hyper-ß-Lipoproteinaemia:
The HELP-System in Combination With HMG-CoA Inhibitors
Schuff-Werner P, Seidel D.
J Drug Dev. 1990;3:233-238.
Full abstract not available.
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